目的：in order to / so that

表達目的——某人為什麼做某事——英語有好幾種說法。關鍵看後面接什麼：動詞、從句（主語 + 動詞）還是名詞。

💡一個非常常見的錯誤是用 for + 動詞 表示目的（I came here for learn English）。後面是動詞時要用 to / in order to：I came here to learn English。for 後面接名詞：I came here for the course。

1. to + 動詞——最常用的說法，口語裡尤其如此

• I called the shop to check if they had my size.

  我給店裡打電話，問問有沒有我的尺碼。

• Why are you learning English? — To get a better job.

  你為什麼學英語？——為了找份更好的工作。

2. in order to / so as to——強調目的，更正式。常用於書面語、工作郵件和演講；so as to 還要更正式一點。

• Minh moved to Hanoi in order to find work.

  阿明為了找工作搬到了河內。

• Staff must wear gloves so as to protect their hands.

  員工必須戴手套，以保護雙手。

3. 否定：in order not to / so as not to + 動詞——not 放在 to 前面。

• I set two alarms in order not to miss my flight.

  為了不誤航班，我設了兩個鬧鐘。

• She whispered so as not to wake her parents.

  她壓低聲音說話，免得吵醒爸媽。

💡只用 not to 表示目的聽起來很彆扭（I left early not to miss the bus）。要說 so as not to、in order not to 或 so that … won't / wouldn't。

後面接主語 + 動詞時用 so that——尤其是目的涉及別人，或者需要用 can / will 的時候。現在或將來的目的 → can、will（或一般現在時）；過去的目的 → could、would。

• I'll send you a map so that you can find the house easily.

  我會給你發張地圖，這樣你就能輕鬆找到那棟房子。

• Take an umbrella so that you don't get wet.

  帶把傘，免得淋溼。

• Dad bought a bigger car so that we could travel together.

  爸爸買了一輛大一點的車，這樣我們就可以一起出去玩了。（過去 → could）

• We spoke quietly so that we wouldn't wake the baby.

  我們小聲說話，免得吵醒寶寶。（過去 → wouldn't）

在隨意的口語裡可以省略 that：Speak up so everyone can hear。不要和表示結果的 , so（所以）混淆：I was tired, so I went to bed.——這不是目的。

要說某人或某物必須做這個動作，用 in order for + 人 / 物 + to + 動詞（正式）：In order for the plan to work, everyone has to help.

• We stopped for petrol. = We stopped to get petrol.

  我們停下來加油。

• This app is for booking train tickets.

  這個應用是用來訂火車票的。（某物的用途）

• ✗I came here for learn English.

  ✓I came here to learn English.

  後面是動詞的目的 → to + 動詞，不用 for。

• ✗She works two jobs for paying her rent.

  ✓She works two jobs to pay / in order to pay her rent.

  for + -ing 說明某物的用途，不說明人為什麼做某事。

• ✗Speak slowly so that everyone understand.

  ✓Speak slowly so that everyone can understand.

  so that + 主語 + can/will…

• ✗We left at 5 a.m. so as not miss the boat.

  ✓We left at 5 a.m. so as not to miss the boat.

  完整的短語是 so as not to + 動詞。

• ✗Yesterday we took a taxi so that we can arrive on time.

  ✓Yesterday we took a taxi so that we could arrive on time.

  過去 → could。

• ✗I left early not to miss the bus.

  ✓I left early so as not to / in order not to miss the bus.

  只用 not to 表示目的聽起來很彆扭。