Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step

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What is the passive voice?
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When do we use the passive voice?
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And how can I easily change the active voice to the passive voice?
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I'm Arnelle from Arnelle's Everyday English and today I'm going to answer these three questions step by step.
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Today's lesson plan is what is the passive voice, the grammatical structure, when to use the passive voice,
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plus an important study tip, transforming from the active to the passive.
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Some sentences cannot be transformed into the passive.
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I'll tell you why.
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So there's going to be a lot of information in this lesson.
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Get ready to take notes.
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Let's begin.
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What is the passive voice?
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The passive voice is the opposite of the active voice.
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Active.
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Everybody loves chocolate.
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Passive chocolate is loved by everybody active the lifeguard saved
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a man passive a man was saved by the lifeguard active decorators are painting my house passive
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my house is being painted okay here are three examples of the passive now Let's look at this grammar in more detail.
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Step two, the grammatical structure.
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When you form the passive, you need B plus a past participle.
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Here are the forms of B.
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There's a lot.
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Am, are, is in the present.
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Was, were in the past you can use being with perfect tenses
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and being in continuous tenses you need a form of this plus
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that past participle
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which is verb number three eat ate eaten eaten is my past participle play played played played is my past participle
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The three sentences from earlier, they all have be and that past participle.
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So, let's compare two sentences.
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This bottle of ketchup has already been opened.
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I have been tired for weeks. Which sentence is passive?
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Right.
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The first one.
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Why?
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Because I have the B and the past participle.
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In the second sentence, I have be, which is great, but I don't have a past participle.
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Tired is an adjective, so that sentence isn't a passive.
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So all of remember the passive has B and past participle.
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Step number three.
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Why do we use the passive?
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1. When the action is more important
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or interesting than the person who does the action one million
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pounds were donated to the children's hospital wow one million pounds
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that's a lot of money this is very interesting who donated the money it's not important i'm interested in the information here
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active the prime minister donated 1 million pounds to the children's
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hospital here wow it's the prime minister in the active sentence it's really important who does the action,
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but in the passive that's not important.
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Number two, the person who does the action is not known.
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or not important.
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This beautiful bridge was built in 1732. Who built the bridge?
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It's not important or I don't know.
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Active.
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John Taylor Thomas built this bridge in 1732.
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Imagine John Taylor Thomas is a famous architect, then that information is important.
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In the passive, not important, in the active, important.
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Number three, the person doing the action is obvious.
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Bill was arrested last night.
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Who arrested bill it's obvious the police arrested bill only the
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police can arrest someone active the police arrested bill last night you could definitely say that it's just different emphasis
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Number four, the object cannot do the action itself.
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100 chocolate cakes were sold on Sunday.
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Can a cake sell itself?
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Of course not.
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It needs to be the passive.
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If you want to say who does the action, you can use an agent.
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We form the agent using by plus person.
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The agent is optional.
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One million pounds were donated to the children's hospital by the Prime minister.
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By the prime minister is optional information.
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This beautiful bridge was built in 1732. By John Taylor Thomas.
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That's optional information.
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100 chocolate cakes were sold on Sunday by Jones's Bakery.
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Again, optional information.
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Important study tip!
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In a newspaper, I want you to highlight any form of the passive you see.
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I want you to ask yourself, why is the passive being used?
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Is it reason 1, 2, 3, or 4?
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You can also do this when you're watching a film.
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Use the subtitles to help you.
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Once you understand why the passive is being used, you can start using it confidently.
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Step number four, transforming an active sentence to a passive sentence.
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Active?
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Apple sells thousands of iPhones every day.
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How can I change this to the passive?
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Remember, you need B plus past participle.
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Thousands of iPhones are sold every day.
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Do I want the agent?
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Buy Apple?
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Buy Apple is reason number three.
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It's obvious.
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Only Apple sells iPhones.
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Apple sells thousands of iPhones every day.
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Thousands of iPhones are sold every day.
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Buy Apple.
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Each tense has its own passive structure.
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You need a list.
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Here, I have a list of the tenses, and you can see that B and the past participle.
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The tenses in red, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, do not have a natural a passive form.
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Don't try to form the passive using the red tenses.
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Now I don't want you to think, oh there are so many structures for me to memorize.
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step one you recognize the passive step two you understand the passive
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and step three you use the passive whichever step you're on is fine
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oh how are you feeling i hope you're feeling like this and not like this
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I have one more important piece of information to tell you about the passive.
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Intransitive verbs cannot be made into the passive.
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What is an intransitive verb?
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An intransitive verb does not have an object.
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I bought a coffee.
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Buy is a transitive verb.
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It needs an object.
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In this case, coffee.
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I arrived late.
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Here, arrived is an intransitive verb.
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It doesn't need an object.
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I arrived is fine.
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There's no object needed.
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It's intransitive.
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So sentence number one, if I want to make it the passive, a coffee was bought.
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Perfect.
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Sentence number two, it's not possible.
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In transitive verbs, no passive.
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Fantastic, well done.
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If you want a list of all the passive formations plus examples, you can go to my website.
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I'll leave the link in the description for you.
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There you have it.
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If you want more videos, don't forget to subscribe and I'll see you very soon for another lesson.
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Thank you.

Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 127 câu và 1053 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 12:28. Người nói nói chậm, khoảng 84 từ mỗi phút, đủ thời gian để bạn bắt chước từng âm. 83% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

  • passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ (tính từ) — thụ động. Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.
  • verb /vɝb/ (danh từ) — động từ. A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.
  • tense /tɛns/ (danh từ) — thì. The property of indicating the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs or exists.
  • donate /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ (động từ) — quyên góp. To make a donation; to give away something of value to support or contribute towards a cause or for the benefit of another.
  • lesson /ˈlɛs.ən/ (danh từ) — bài, bài học. A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
  • arrive /əˈɹaɪv/ (động từ) — đến. To reach; to get to a certain place.
  • continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ (tính từ) — liên tục, không ngừng. Without stopping; without a break, cessation, or interruption.
  • compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (động từ) — so sánh, so. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
  • grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ (danh từ) — ngữ pháp, văn phạm. A system of rules and principles for the structure of a language, or of languages in general.
  • architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ (danh từ) — kiến trúc sư. A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.
  • subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/ (động từ) — đăng kí. To write (one’s name) at the bottom of a document; to sign (one's name).
  • participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ (danh từ) — phân từ. A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In…
  • intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/ (tính từ) — nội. Not transitive: not having, or not taking, a direct object.
  • transitive /ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/ (tính từ) — ngoại. Making a transit or passage.
  • adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ (danh từ) — tính từ, hình dung từ. A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent.

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 16 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, I'll, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

  • Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, confidently /ˈkɑnfɪdəntli/

Cách luyện với video này

  1. Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
  2. Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
  3. Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như passive, verb, tense.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúcTrong video
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làmcannot be transformed · is loved · was saved
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tạihas already been opened · have been tired
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vậtperson who does
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn am/is/are + -ing — việc đang diễn ra lúc nói hoặc quanh thời điểm nàyare painting · is being · you're watching

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →