跟读练习: How An Infinite Hotel Ran Out Of Room - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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- Imagine there's a hotel with infinite rooms.
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- Imagine there's a hotel with infinite rooms.
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They're numbered one, two, three, four, and so on forever.
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This is the Hilbert Hotel and you are the manager.
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Now it might seem like you could accommodate anyone who ever shows up, but there is a limit, a way to exceed even the infinity of rooms at the Hilbert Hotel.
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To start let's say only one person is allowed in each room and all the rooms are full.
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There are an infinite number of people, in an infinite number of rooms.
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Then someone new shows up and they want a room, but all the rooms are occupied.
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So what should you do?
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Well, a lesser manager might turn them away, but you know about infinity.
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So you get on the PA and you tell all the guests to move down a room.
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So the person in room one moves to room two.
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The one in room two moves to room three, and so on down the line.
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And now you can put the new guest in room one.
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If a bus shows up with a hundred people, you know exactly what to do just move everyone down a hundred rooms and put the new guests in their vacated rooms.
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But now let's say a bus shows up that is infinitely long, and it's carrying infinitely many people.
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You knew what to do with a finite number of people but what do you do with infinite people?
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You think about it for a minute and then come up with a plan.
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You tell each of your existing guests to move to the room with double their room number.
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So the person in room one moves to room two, room two moves to room four, room three to room six and so on.
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And now all of the odd numbered rooms are available.
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And you know, there are an infinite number of odd numbers.
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So you can give each person on the infinite bus, a unique, odd numbered room.
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This hotel is really starting to feel like it can fit everybody.
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And that's the beauty of infinity, it goes on forever.
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And then all of a sudden more infinite buses show up, not just one or two, but an infinite number of infinite buses.
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So, what can you do?
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Well, you pull out an infinite spreadsheet of course.
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You make a row for each bus, bus 1 bus 2 bus 3 and so on.
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And a row at the top for all the people who are already in the hotel.
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The columns are for the position each person occupies.
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So you've got hotel room one, hotel room two, hotel room three, et cetera.
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And then bus one seat one, bus one seat two, bus one seat three and so on.
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So each person gets a unique identifier which is a combination of their vehicle and their position in it.
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So how do you assign the rooms?
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Well start in the top left corner and draw a line that zigzags back and forth across the spreadsheet, going over each unique ID exactly once.
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Then imagine you pull on the opposite ends of this line, straightening it out.
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So we've gone from an infinite by infinite grid, to a single infinite line.
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It's then pretty simple just to line up each person on that line with a unique room in the hotel.
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So everyone fits, no problem.
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But now a big bus pulls up.
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An infinite party bus with no seats.
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Instead, everyone on board is identified by their unique name, which is kind of strange.
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So their names all consist of only two letters, A and B But each name is infinitely long.
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So someone is named A, B, B, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, and so on forever.
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Someone else is named AB, AB, AB, AB, AB, et cetera.
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On this bus, there's a person with every possible infinite sequence of these two letters.
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Now, ABB, A, A, A, A, I'll call him Abba for short.
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He comes into the hotel to arrange the rooms, but you tell him, "Sorry, there's no way we can fit all of you in the hotel." And he's like, "What do you mean?
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"There's an infinite number of us "and you have an infinite number of rooms.
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"Why won't this work?" So you show him.
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you pull out your infinite spreadsheet again and start assigning rooms to people on the bus.
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So you have room one, assign it to ABBA, and then room two to AB AB AB AB repeating.
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And you keep going, putting a different string of As and Bs beside each room number.
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"Now here's the problem," you tell ABBA, "let's say we have a complete infinite list.
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"I can still write down the name of a person, "who doesn't yet have a room." The way you do it is you take the first letter of the first name and flip it from an A to a B.
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Then take the second letter of the second name and flip it from a B to an A.
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And you keep doing this all the way down the list.
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And the name you write down is guaranteed to appear nowhere on that list.
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Because it won't match the first letter of the first name, or the second letter of the second name, or the third letter of the third name.
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It will be different from every name on the list, by at least one character.
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The letter on the diagonal.
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The number of rooms in the Hilbert Hotel is infinite, sure, but it is countably infinite.
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Meaning there are as many rooms as there are positive integers one to infinity.
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By contrast, the number of people on the bus is uncountably infinite.
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If you try to match up each one with an integer, you will still have people leftover.
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Some infinities are bigger than others.
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So there's a limit to the people that you can fit, in the Hilbert Hotel.
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This is mind blowing enough, but what's even crazier is that the discovery of different sized infinities, sparked a line of inquiry that led directly, to the invention of the device you're watching this on right now.
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But that's a story for another time.
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(upbeat music)
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关于本课
在本课中，学习者将通过观看视频“如何一个无限大的酒店没有房间了”来练习英语。这段视频介绍了无限的概念，以及如何运用数学推理解决看似不可能的问题。通过跟随视频中的对话和情节，学习者将能够提高他们的英语口语能力，了解如何在讨论复杂话题时更流畅地表达自己的观点。
关键词汇与短语
- 无限酒店 (Hilbert Hotel) - 一个理论上的酒店概念，表示无限的房间。
- 房间 (room) - 酒店的住宿单位。
- 客人 (guest) - 住在酒店里的顾客。
- 移动 (move) - 更改位置或房间的动作。
- 无穷大 (infinity) - 无法计算的数量，永无止境。
- 分配 (assign) - 指定每个客人入住的房间。
- 序列 (sequence) - 一系列事件或项目的排列。
- 独特的名称 (unique name) - 用于标识每个个体的名称。
练习技巧
在观看这段视频时，建议进行shadow speech练习。首先，试着模仿视频中讲解的速度和语调。讲话者的语调很清晰，因此您可以跟着他慢慢说出每个句子。这不仅能够帮助提高您的英语发音，还能增强语音流利度。当您在重复讲者的词汇时，注意语句的停顿和重音，从而更好地理解他们的语气和情感。此外，可以尝试将视频中的每一个观点和问题用英语复述一遍，这也是很好的提高英语口语练习方法。
为了更好地掌握视频内容，您可以在重要的段落暂停，使用shadowspeaks技巧，进行复述和思考，以加深对无限和酒店管理的理解。这种提高英语发音的方法，将使您在表达复杂概念时更为自信且流利。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。