跟读练习: IELTS Listening Section-4(Noise in Cities) with answers - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about noise in cities.
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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about noise in cities.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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This lecture will be about the science of acoustics,
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the study of sound, in relation to urban environments such as cities.
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As an acoustic engineer myself,
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I think this is an area where we're likely to see great changes.
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In the past, researching urban soundscapes was simple.
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We measured levels of sound in decibels,
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so I used to take my sound meter and I measured the noise somewhere,
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and then I might ask a sample of people to say at what level the sound became annoying.
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With data like this,
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acoustic engineers have been able to build up what we call noise maps – maps of the sound environment.
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But actually, these aren't a lot of use.
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What they do show is that the highest noise levels are generally on roads.
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Well, that's not really very surprising.
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But there's quite a lot going on that these maps don't show,
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because they can't capture the complex way that sound varies over time.
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So they ignore important issues such as the noise someone might hear from the open windows or gardens of their neighbours.
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And this sort of noise can be quite significant in summer.
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We don't have any databases on this sort of information.
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As well as that, these records of sound levels take no account of the fact
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that people vary in their perceptions of noise.
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So someone like me with years of working in acoustics might be very different from you in that regard.
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But anyway, even though these noise maps are fairly crude,
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they've been useful in providing information and raising awareness that noise matters.
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We need to deal with it,
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and so it's a political matter.
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And that's important.
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We need rules and regulations because noise can cause all sorts of problems.
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Those of you who are city dwellers know that things go on 24 hours a day,
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so city dwellers often suffer from interrupted sleep.
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It's also known that noise can lead to a rise in levels of stress
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due to physical changes in the body affecting the composition of the blood.
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And there are other problems as well.
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For instance, if schoolchildren don't have a quiet place to study,
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their work will suffer.
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Now one problem with decibel measurement is that it doesn't differentiate between different types of noise.
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Some types of sounds that most people would probably think of as nice
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and relaxing might well score quite highly in decibel levels.
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Think of the sound made by a fountain in a town square, for example.
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That's not necessarily something that we'd want to control or reduce.
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So maybe researchers should consider these sorts of sounds in urban design.
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This is going to be tricky,
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because just measuring decibel levels isn't going to help us here.
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Instead, many researchers are using social science techniques,
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studying people's emotional response to sound by using questionnaires and so on.
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So what exactly do people want to hear in an urban environment?
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Some recent interdisciplinary research has come out with results that at first sight seem contradictory.
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A city needs to have a sense of activity,
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so it needs to be lively,
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with sounds like the clack of high heels on a pavement or the hiss of a coffee machine.
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But these mustn't be too intrusive,
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because at the same time we need to be able to relax.
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One of the major problems in achieving this will be getting architects and town planners to use the research.
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Apart from studying the basics of acoustics,
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these people receive very little training in this area.
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But in fact, they should be regarding sound as an opportunity to add to the experience of urban living,
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whereas at present they tend to see it as something to be avoided or reduced as far as possible,
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or something that's just a job for engineers,
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like the street drainage system.
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What's needed is for noise in cities to be regarded as an aesthetic quality,
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as something that has the qualities of an art form.
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If we acknowledge this, then we urgently need to know what governs it and how designers can work with it.
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We need to develop a complex understanding of many factors.
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What is the relationship between sound and culture?
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What can we learn from disciplines such as psychology about the way that sound interacts with human development and social relationships,
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and the way that sound affects our thoughts and feelings?
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Can we learn anything from physics about the nature of sound itself?
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Today's powerful technologies can also help us.
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To show us their ideas and help us to imagine the effect their buildings will have,
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architects and town planners already use virtual reality.
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But these programmes are silent.
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In the future, such programmes could use realistic sounds,
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meaning that soundscapes could be explored before being built.
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So hopefully, using the best technology we can lay our hands on,
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The city of the future will be a pleasure to the ears as well as the eyes.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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为什么要用这个视频练习口语？
使用这个有关城市噪声的讲座视频进行口语练习，能帮助学习者在真实的语境中提高英语口语能力。视频中的内容涉及城市环境中的噪声现象，能够引发讨论，增强学习者的表达能力。参与讨论城市噪声问题不仅能提升口语技巧，还能帮助学习者对现代城市生活有更深入的理解，进而在雅思口语练习中取得更好的成绩。
语法与表达方式分析
在视频中，讲者使用了一些重要的语法结构，学习者可以通过模仿这些结构来提高英语口语：
- 被动语态：例如“noise can cause all sorts of problems”展示了如何描述事物的影响。
- 条件句：例如“If schoolchildren don’t have a quiet place to study”说明了在不同情况下可能发生的结果。
- 现在进行时：强调正在发生的事情，比如“we are likely to see great changes”，帮助学习者理解动态描述。
通过分析这些结构并运用它们，学习者可以增强自己的语言表达能力，提升雅思口语练习的效果。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，有一些发音可能对学习者构成挑战，注意这些词语对提高英语发音和口语流利度的帮助是显而易见的：
- “acoustics”一词中的重音，常常被学习者误读，建议多加练习。
- 学会区分“noise”和“nice”的发音，避免发音混淆。
- 在快速对话中，“environment”的发音可能会被连读，学习者需要练习清晰发音。
通过对这些发音陷阱进行针对性训练，可以有效提高口语流利度和准确性，帮助学习者在雅思口语练习中更自信地表达自己。利用影子跟读的技巧，学习者可以通过模仿讲者的发音和语调，进一步提升自己的口语能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。