跟读练习: If Money is Infinite, Why Do We Still Have Poverty? | Prof. Jiang Xueqin - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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So in the beginning, it was merchants who engaged in finance.
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So in the beginning, it was merchants who engaged in finance.
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Because merchants needed money in order to facilitate trade.
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And some merchants became extremely wealthy.
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And when they became very wealthy,
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they started banks in order to support trade and other merchants.
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okay so these banks traded in gold because that was the primary source
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and supply of money back there okay so what happened is you would come
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and you would put your money your gold in the bank for safekeeping
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and the bank would give you a contract right a contract
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is just saying thank you for giving me your gold I promise to give back your gold at any time
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that you want it and this is what we call a receipt right
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and this would allow for better and easier trade because now I can take this contract and I can go to England.
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Maybe I'm based in Italy.
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But now I can go to England and say,
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listen, I need to buy cotton or bananas from you.
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And the person is like,
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well, what do you give me?
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I'm going to give you gold, right?
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So I take the receipt and I give it to you.
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And why do we do this?
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Because it's a lot easier than giving gold to other people.
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And so this system would facilitate trade throughout the world.
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Does it make sense?
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Now, I'm the bank.
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I have all this gold.
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And I want to make money with it.
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So I want to give it to other people.
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So other merchants would come to me and say, listen, I need gold.
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Can you lend me out gold?
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Right?
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but i say to him yeah but if i give out the gold you have a security issue
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it's inconvenient for you so why don't i give you a receipt a contract instead does
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that make sense
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because all i need is a contract all i need is a receipt in order to go
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and do trade elsewhere right so so by doing this what i've done is I've doubled the gold in my bank, right?
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I've created money out of nothing.
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So the gold is still five million,
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that hasn't changed, but the receipt is now five million plus five million,
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so theoretically, I now have 10 million in the bank bank.
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All right?
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So that's how money and finance works.
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Now there's a problem with this system.
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What's the problem with this system?
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What do you mean?
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Why would the other people say they don't see it as gold?
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Okay, that's a good question, okay?
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Why is it that people believe in me?
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Okay, the answer is very simple.
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The answer is because for most of human history, people didn't need money.
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If you were just a normal person, what were you doing?
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Were you in a village growing crops?
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If you wanted to get new stuff, what would you do?
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You would trade with someone else, right?
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Maybe you have a goat that I want.
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Well then I would trade you a cow for it.
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So we didn't actually need money.
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So throughout most of human history,
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no one had any need for money.
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It was only in certain circumstances that you would want money.
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So for example, marriage, right?
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Okay, so throughout most of human history,
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money represented debt that could be unpaid.
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Oh, sorry, debt that could never be repaid.
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So for example, a very common thing is,
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maybe you and I fight and I kill you.
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Well, in theory, your family should now come and kill me.
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But obviously that would create a lot of problems, right?
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So the way to settle the dispute is,
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I would give your family money.
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Because money was symbolically meant to say,
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I'm sorry, I killed you.
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This is a debt that can never be repaid.
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That's what money was used for in most circumstances throughout human history.
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There was no actually real use for money was symbolic.
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But with the rise of trade with merchants,
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they needed money in order to facilitate the trade.
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But these merchants all knew each other,
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so they trusted each other anyway.
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So money was a mechanism for them to trade easier.
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Okay?
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Does that make sense?
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All right?
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Okay, so let's go back to the question.
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this system looks great I can print money out of nothing
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but there's a problem with this system what's the problem? there's a problem here
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okay that's actually a great question okay
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so yeah is it possible to forge the contract okay
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so that's a really good point the problem is
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so the answer is that they all knew each other anyway okay
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because it's a very small circle again we have not reached
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the modern period where it's a lot of people using money
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that's the case then fortune becomes a problem we'll discuss this in future classes okay counterfeiting
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but at this point in history forgery is actually not a big issue.
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There's actually a bigger issue.
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And it's a huge issue.
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What's the issue?
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I have $5 million of gold, right?
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There's about $10 million of gold out there in receipts.
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What's the problem with that?
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The problem is that if everyone wants to go at the same time,
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I go bankrupt, right?
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Because I lose my reputation.
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The contract says that at any time you want the gold,
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I must give it to you.
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But if I have like,
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if there's a hundred million dollars in gold contracts,
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but I only have $10 million in gold,
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only if 15 million wants the gold back, then I'm screwed.
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This is what we call a bank run.
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Okay?
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A bank run.
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And this is a huge problem for merchants.
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Okay?
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There's also another problem with this system.
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And the problem is this.
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Who do I usually lend my money to?
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Do you guys know?
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If I'm a bank, if I'm a merchant,
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who do I usually lend my money to?
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Okay, guys.
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today we lend the money to entrepreneurs.
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But back then, there really weren't entrepreneurs.
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There were kings and noble people.
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And what did they do all the time?
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Why did they do money?
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To fight wars.
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Okay.
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That's why there's a demand for gold.
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Because if I'm a king,
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I need to fight a war.
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Usually against my brother or someone else to control this territory.
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Right?
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Now the problem with this is I could get killed,
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in which case, oops!
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But also, what's much more common is the king would be like,
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screw you bank, I don't need to pay you back.
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Okay?
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So there's actually a lot of risk with this system
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so over time develop a system to mitigate
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or reduce this risk okay what would they do what they
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would do is they would create cartels cartels are just partnerships
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so maybe this bank works with another bank works with another bank throughout Europe they
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and the way they establish these cartels is usually through intermarriage
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right they would marry each other they would combine together and
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that way let's say let's say 15 million of receipts wants back the gold
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but there's only 10 million well guess what you just go to another bank okay
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and let's just say a king decides I'm gonna pay you
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back bank well your bank works with other banks to establish
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a new enemy to kill the king to get the money back.
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Do you understand?
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And this system is what we call today central banking.
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And what you will learn in this class is central banking controls the world today.
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Okay?
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Now what's really important about this system is that it's based on power.
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Right?
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And what power is, you can turn nothing,
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money, the contract, into everything.
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Right?
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That's what money is.
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Okay, so we live in a world in which banks can print out money, right?
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So now, let's ask ourselves the question.
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Wait a minute here.
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If the banks can print as much money as possible,
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why do we have poverty?
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Right?
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Because we can just give money to poor people and they won't be poor anymore.
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Why do we have poverty?
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If there's all the food in the world that we want,
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why are people starving still?
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Why?
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Because we don't have limited resources.
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Okay, so we don't have limited resources, we have scarcity, okay?
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So that is the common answer, scarcity.
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We have poverty because of scarcity.
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already told you this they can put money out of nothing
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so money is infinite money is an infinite resource
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so why are we why do we have poor people then that's kind of strange With money,
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are they just used for trade?
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They still have limited resources in the actual, the actual .
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You see what's happening is this.
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You all believe money is scarce, OK?
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I just spent the past 10,
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20 minutes explaining to you.
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It's not scarce.
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It's infinite.
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It's just a number.
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We can at any time print out as much money as we need, OK?
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So that's how power works.
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Power has brainwashed you into thinking something that is not true.
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You've been taught from the first day that money is scarce.
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But it's not scarce, it's infinite.
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And no matter what I say to you,
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you still believe this, okay?
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So you have to get that out of your head.
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Money is not scarce, it is infinite.
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So let's go after the question.
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Why is there poverty in this world?
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Why do people starve?
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Why is there inequality in this world?
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Why are there poor people?
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Why are there rich people?
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What's the answer?
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Because they don't print.
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Okay, because it's scarce.
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So guys, this is amazing, okay?
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You guys can't get it out of your head.
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You think money's scarce.
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You think it is not possible to print infinite money,
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when I already told you it is possible to print infinite money,
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because they do this all the time, yeah?
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The one who has the power don't want everyone to share the same.
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Yeah, because we don't want people to all have money.
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The powerful people don't want that.
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That's exactly the answer.
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And why?
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Because otherwise no one would work.
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Do you understand?
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The point of putting money is not to give you money.
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The point of putting money is to create the illusion
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that money is valuable and therefore you work hard in order to obtain it.
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But in order for me to make you want to get money,
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I need to create artificial misery.
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Do you understand?
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Right?
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If there weren't poor people,
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you wouldn't want to be rich.
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It's only because you see people suffer that you would want to go make money for yourself.
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What do your parents tell you?
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Your parents tell you, work hard in school,
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make a lot of money.
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Otherwise you're going to end up like a poor person.
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Right?
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Well, guess what?
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If there were no poor people,
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your parents couldn't say that to you.
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And you wouldn't want to work hard in school.
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Right?
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That's why we have poverty.
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Because poverty creates the illusion that money is valuable.
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In other words, poverty isn't what you do to yourself,
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it is what the powerful do to you.
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Now let me ask you another question.
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You guys have studied some economics.
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Why do you have crises?
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Crises.
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For example, there's a stock market crash.
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Or for example, the economy goes down and people lose their jobs.
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Why do you have crises?
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Exactly, you're not taught this in economics class.
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That's kinda weird, right?
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The point of crises is to destroy money.
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Why do we need to destroy money?
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Because if there's too much money in the system,
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people don't have to work.
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So you have to destroy this money in order to make people feel money is scarce.
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Okay, does that make sense?
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So why do you have wars?
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Right?
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Why are there wars in the world then?
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Because they're fighting over scarce resources, right?
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I already told you, scarcity is a lie.
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The real reason is war is meant to destroy wealth in order to make you think money is valuable.
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Do you understand?
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You guys play World of Warcraft or these games, right?
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Guess what guys, World of Warcraft,
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in our world, there's actually no difference.
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You just run around pointlessly working hard to obtain credits in order to buy stuff.
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If credits just flew out of the sky because they could do that,
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right, they could actually program the engine to just put money out of nothing,
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you wouldn't do nothing every day.
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You wouldn't play the game.
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Okay?
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It's only because you believe that there's scarcity in the world
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and that you must work hard to obtain wealth that you do any work.
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Do you understand this?
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Okay so this world
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that we live in it's a complete illusion created by central
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banking in order to make us work as hard as possible
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because the real value is not money the real value is the work we do.
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Thank you.
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背景与上下文
在教授的讨论中，他探讨了货币和金融系统的起源，特别是商人如何通过银行和票据促进贸易的发展。这段对话让我们深入理解历史上金钱的作用，以及为何即使如今金钱似乎无穷无尽，贫困现象依然存在。通过分析商人和银行之间的互动，教授阐释了信任在经济交易中的重要性，同时也让我们反思经济体系的合理性。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 我需要借金 - “I need to borrow gold.”
- 感谢您给予我的合同 - “Thank you for giving me the contract.”
- 这使得交易更容易 - “This makes trade easier.”
- 我对银行的信任很重要 - “My trust in the bank is important.”
- 我的金块在哪里? - “Where is my gold?”
以上短语对于在金融和贸易相关的对话中非常实用，尤其在进行雅思口语练习时，这些短语能帮助你更流利地表达自己的观点。
逐步跟读指导
如果你想透彻理解并练习这段视频中的内容，可以采取以下步骤进行影子跟读，进一步提升你的英语口语技巧。
- 初步观看：首先看一遍视频，不必理解每个细节，尽量把握整体意思。可以在 看YouTube学英语 这种平台上找到相关视频。
- 选择短语：在观看时，注意记录教授所用的关键短语，尤其是上面提及的五个短语。
- 逐句跟读：暂停视频，然后跟随教授的语音逐句反复练习，注意发音和语调，利用 英语影子跟读 的技巧。
- 反复练习：通过重复练习，力求在自然对话中能够流畅使用这些短语。
- 反馈与调整：可以让朋友或老师给你提供反馈，并根据他们的建议不断调整你的发音和语言表达。
通过这样的方式，不仅能够提升你的英语口语能力，还能加深对所学内容的理解，是一个高效的学习方法。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。