Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: If Money is Infinite, Why Do We Still Have Poverty? | Prof. Jiang Xueqin
C1
So in the beginning, it was merchants who engaged in finance.
280 câu
Nếu các câu quá ngắn hoặc quá dài, hãy bấm Edit để chỉnh sửa.
1
So in the beginning, it was merchants who engaged in finance.
2
Because merchants needed money in order to facilitate trade.
3
And some merchants became extremely wealthy.
4
And when they became very wealthy,
5
they started banks in order to support trade and other merchants.
6
okay so these banks traded in gold because that was the primary source
7
and supply of money back there okay so what happened is you would come
8
and you would put your money your gold in the bank for safekeeping
9
and the bank would give you a contract right a contract
10
is just saying thank you for giving me your gold I promise to give back your gold at any time
11
that you want it and this is what we call a receipt right
12
and this would allow for better and easier trade because now I can take this contract and I can go to England.
13
Maybe I'm based in Italy.
14
But now I can go to England and say,
15
listen, I need to buy cotton or bananas from you.
16
And the person is like,
17
well, what do you give me?
18
I'm going to give you gold, right?
19
So I take the receipt and I give it to you.
20
And why do we do this?
21
Because it's a lot easier than giving gold to other people.
22
And so this system would facilitate trade throughout the world.
23
Does it make sense?
24
Now, I'm the bank.
25
I have all this gold.
26
And I want to make money with it.
27
So I want to give it to other people.
28
So other merchants would come to me and say, listen, I need gold.
29
Can you lend me out gold?
30
Right?
31
but i say to him yeah but if i give out the gold you have a security issue
32
it's inconvenient for you so why don't i give you a receipt a contract instead does
33
that make sense
34
because all i need is a contract all i need is a receipt in order to go
35
and do trade elsewhere right so so by doing this what i've done is I've doubled the gold in my bank, right?
36
I've created money out of nothing.
37
So the gold is still five million,
38
that hasn't changed, but the receipt is now five million plus five million,
39
so theoretically, I now have 10 million in the bank bank.
40
All right?
41
So that's how money and finance works.
42
Now there's a problem with this system.
43
What's the problem with this system?
44
What do you mean?
45
Why would the other people say they don't see it as gold?
46
Okay, that's a good question, okay?
47
Why is it that people believe in me?
48
Okay, the answer is very simple.
49
The answer is because for most of human history, people didn't need money.
50
If you were just a normal person, what were you doing?
51
Were you in a village growing crops?
52
If you wanted to get new stuff, what would you do?
53
You would trade with someone else, right?
54
Maybe you have a goat that I want.
55
Well then I would trade you a cow for it.
56
So we didn't actually need money.
57
So throughout most of human history,
58
no one had any need for money.
59
It was only in certain circumstances that you would want money.
60
So for example, marriage, right?
61
Okay, so throughout most of human history,
62
money represented debt that could be unpaid.
63
Oh, sorry, debt that could never be repaid.
64
So for example, a very common thing is,
65
maybe you and I fight and I kill you.
66
Well, in theory, your family should now come and kill me.
67
But obviously that would create a lot of problems, right?
68
So the way to settle the dispute is,
69
I would give your family money.
70
Because money was symbolically meant to say,
71
I'm sorry, I killed you.
72
This is a debt that can never be repaid.
73
That's what money was used for in most circumstances throughout human history.
74
There was no actually real use for money was symbolic.
75
But with the rise of trade with merchants,
76
they needed money in order to facilitate the trade.
77
But these merchants all knew each other,
78
so they trusted each other anyway.
79
So money was a mechanism for them to trade easier.
80
Okay?
81
Does that make sense?
82
All right?
83
Okay, so let's go back to the question.
84
this system looks great I can print money out of nothing
85
but there's a problem with this system what's the problem? there's a problem here
86
okay that's actually a great question okay
87
so yeah is it possible to forge the contract okay
88
so that's a really good point the problem is
89
so the answer is that they all knew each other anyway okay
90
because it's a very small circle again we have not reached
91
the modern period where it's a lot of people using money
92
that's the case then fortune becomes a problem we'll discuss this in future classes okay counterfeiting
93
but at this point in history forgery is actually not a big issue.
94
There's actually a bigger issue.
95
And it's a huge issue.
96
What's the issue?
97
I have $5 million of gold, right?
98
There's about $10 million of gold out there in receipts.
99
What's the problem with that?
100
The problem is that if everyone wants to go at the same time,
101
I go bankrupt, right?
102
Because I lose my reputation.
103
The contract says that at any time you want the gold,
104
I must give it to you.
105
But if I have like,
106
if there's a hundred million dollars in gold contracts,
107
but I only have $10 million in gold,
108
only if 15 million wants the gold back, then I'm screwed.
109
This is what we call a bank run.
110
Okay?
111
A bank run.
112
And this is a huge problem for merchants.
113
Okay?
114
There's also another problem with this system.
115
And the problem is this.
116
Who do I usually lend my money to?
117
Do you guys know?
118
If I'm a bank, if I'm a merchant,
119
who do I usually lend my money to?
120
Okay, guys.
121
today we lend the money to entrepreneurs.
122
But back then, there really weren't entrepreneurs.
123
There were kings and noble people.
124
And what did they do all the time?
125
Why did they do money?
126
To fight wars.
127
Okay.
128
That's why there's a demand for gold.
129
Because if I'm a king,
130
I need to fight a war.
131
Usually against my brother or someone else to control this territory.
132
Right?
133
Now the problem with this is I could get killed,
134
in which case, oops!
135
But also, what's much more common is the king would be like,
136
screw you bank, I don't need to pay you back.
137
Okay?
138
So there's actually a lot of risk with this system
139
so over time develop a system to mitigate
140
or reduce this risk okay what would they do what they
141
would do is they would create cartels cartels are just partnerships
142
so maybe this bank works with another bank works with another bank throughout Europe they
143
and the way they establish these cartels is usually through intermarriage
144
right they would marry each other they would combine together and
145
that way let's say let's say 15 million of receipts wants back the gold
146
but there's only 10 million well guess what you just go to another bank okay
147
and let's just say a king decides I'm gonna pay you
148
back bank well your bank works with other banks to establish
149
a new enemy to kill the king to get the money back.
150
Do you understand?
151
And this system is what we call today central banking.
152
And what you will learn in this class is central banking controls the world today.
153
Okay?
154
Now what's really important about this system is that it's based on power.
155
Right?
156
And what power is, you can turn nothing,
157
money, the contract, into everything.
158
Right?
159
That's what money is.
160
Okay, so we live in a world in which banks can print out money, right?
161
So now, let's ask ourselves the question.
162
Wait a minute here.
163
If the banks can print as much money as possible,
164
why do we have poverty?
165
Right?
166
Because we can just give money to poor people and they won't be poor anymore.
167
Why do we have poverty?
168
If there's all the food in the world that we want,
169
why are people starving still?
170
Why?
171
Because we don't have limited resources.
172
Okay, so we don't have limited resources, we have scarcity, okay?
173
So that is the common answer, scarcity.
174
We have poverty because of scarcity.
175
already told you this they can put money out of nothing
176
so money is infinite money is an infinite resource
177
so why are we why do we have poor people then that's kind of strange With money,
178
are they just used for trade?
179
They still have limited resources in the actual, the actual .
180
You see what's happening is this.
181
You all believe money is scarce, OK?
182
I just spent the past 10,
183
20 minutes explaining to you.
184
It's not scarce.
185
It's infinite.
186
It's just a number.
187
We can at any time print out as much money as we need, OK?
188
So that's how power works.
189
Power has brainwashed you into thinking something that is not true.
190
You've been taught from the first day that money is scarce.
191
But it's not scarce, it's infinite.
192
And no matter what I say to you,
193
you still believe this, okay?
194
So you have to get that out of your head.
195
Money is not scarce, it is infinite.
196
So let's go after the question.
197
Why is there poverty in this world?
198
Why do people starve?
199
Why is there inequality in this world?
200
Why are there poor people?
201
Why are there rich people?
202
What's the answer?
203
Because they don't print.
204
Okay, because it's scarce.
205
So guys, this is amazing, okay?
206
You guys can't get it out of your head.
207
You think money's scarce.
208
You think it is not possible to print infinite money,
209
when I already told you it is possible to print infinite money,
210
because they do this all the time, yeah?
211
The one who has the power don't want everyone to share the same.
212
Yeah, because we don't want people to all have money.
213
The powerful people don't want that.
214
That's exactly the answer.
215
And why?
216
Because otherwise no one would work.
217
Do you understand?
218
The point of putting money is not to give you money.
219
The point of putting money is to create the illusion
220
that money is valuable and therefore you work hard in order to obtain it.
221
But in order for me to make you want to get money,
222
I need to create artificial misery.
223
Do you understand?
224
Right?
225
If there weren't poor people,
226
you wouldn't want to be rich.
227
It's only because you see people suffer that you would want to go make money for yourself.
228
What do your parents tell you?
229
Your parents tell you, work hard in school,
230
make a lot of money.
231
Otherwise you're going to end up like a poor person.
232
Right?
233
Well, guess what?
234
If there were no poor people,
235
your parents couldn't say that to you.
236
And you wouldn't want to work hard in school.
237
Right?
238
That's why we have poverty.
239
Because poverty creates the illusion that money is valuable.
240
In other words, poverty isn't what you do to yourself,
241
it is what the powerful do to you.
242
Now let me ask you another question.
243
You guys have studied some economics.
244
Why do you have crises?
245
Crises.
246
For example, there's a stock market crash.
247
Or for example, the economy goes down and people lose their jobs.
248
Why do you have crises?
249
Exactly, you're not taught this in economics class.
250
That's kinda weird, right?
251
The point of crises is to destroy money.
252
Why do we need to destroy money?
253
Because if there's too much money in the system,
254
people don't have to work.
255
So you have to destroy this money in order to make people feel money is scarce.
256
Okay, does that make sense?
257
So why do you have wars?
258
Right?
259
Why are there wars in the world then?
260
Because they're fighting over scarce resources, right?
261
I already told you, scarcity is a lie.
262
The real reason is war is meant to destroy wealth in order to make you think money is valuable.
263
Do you understand?
264
You guys play World of Warcraft or these games, right?
265
Guess what guys, World of Warcraft,
266
in our world, there's actually no difference.
267
You just run around pointlessly working hard to obtain credits in order to buy stuff.
268
If credits just flew out of the sky because they could do that,
269
right, they could actually program the engine to just put money out of nothing,
270
you wouldn't do nothing every day.
271
You wouldn't play the game.
272
Okay?
273
It's only because you believe that there's scarcity in the world
274
and that you must work hard to obtain wealth that you do any work.
275
Do you understand this?
276
Okay so this world
277
that we live in it's a complete illusion created by central
278
banking in order to make us work as hard as possible
279
because the real value is not money the real value is the work we do.
280
Thank you.
Tải Ứng Dụng
Có tính năng chấm điểm câu của bạn bằng AI
TRENDING
Phổ biến
Giới Thiệu Bài Học Này
Bài học này sẽ giúp bạn nắm vững các khái niệm cơ bản về hệ thống tài chính và cách tiền tệ hoạt động. Qua video, bạn sẽ tìm hiểu về việc các thương nhân đã sử dụng vàng cho giao dịch như thế nào, cách các ngân hàng tạo ra tiền từ việc phát hành hợp đồng, và lý do người dân tin tưởng vào giá trị của hợp đồng thay vì vàng. Chúng ta cũng sẽ luyện tập phát âm và phản xạ nói thông qua kỹ thuật shadow speak, giúp cải thiện khả năng nghe và nói tiếng Anh của bạn.
Từ Vựng & Cụm Từ Quan Trọng
- thương nhân (merchants): Người bán hàng hoặc doanh nhân tham gia vào hoạt động thương mại.
- tài chính (finance): Quá trình quản lý tiền và đầu tư.
- ngân hàng (bank): Tổ chức tài chính cho phép khách hàng gửi tiền và cho vay.
- hợp đồng (contract): Văn bản pháp lý cam kết một bên sẽ thực hiện một nghĩa vụ nào đó.
- giao dịch (trade): Hành động mua và bán hàng hóa hoặc dịch vụ.
- vàng (gold): Một loại kim loại quý được sử dụng làm tiền tệ trong lịch sử.
- sự tin tưởng (belief): Niềm tin vào giá trị của một thứ gì đó, trong trường hợp này là hợp đồng.
Mẹo Luyện Tập
Khi thực hành shadowing tiếng Anh với video này, bạn nên chú ý tới tốc độ và giọng điệu của người nói. Bắt đầu bằng cách lắng nghe một đoạn ngắn, sau đó thử lặp lại ngay lập tức, cố gắng sao chép cách phát âm và nhịp điệu câu. Nếu bạn cảm thấy đoạn video nhanh, hãy thử giảm tốc độ phát lại để dễ dàng theo dõi. Khi đã quen với giọng điệu, bạn có thể quay lại tốc độ bình thường để thách thức khả năng nghe và nói của mình. Việc sử dụng shadowspeak này không chỉ giúp bạn tăng cường khả năng phát âm mà còn cải thiện phản xạ ngôn ngữ, làm cho bạn trở nên tự tin hơn khi giao tiếp trong tiếng Anh.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.