跟读练习: Pascal Magne Part #3 - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Music And
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so when I look at this picture, a full crown preparation on the case of a non-vital tooth,
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I'm always sad because I did that and I did it a long time ago,
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but I tell you I wouldn't do that anymore today and I'm prepping less and less crowns.
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I want to say even I am not prepping crowns anymore.
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I am replacing crowns when they exist already.
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Otherwise, I always try to use a biomimetic approach, using adhesion, using a selective preparation of the tooth, not a full preparation.
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And these mistakes I did in the past, I show you another example.
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I want to humble myself on that.
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I want to say this was wrong.
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maybe right at the time
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but this is wrong today we don't want to kill the pulp in the name of prostodontics
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because when we do that then we need to use post
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and core buildups and and different things that are very difficult to restore
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and I want to show you that today we don't need
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that anymore we need just to replace what is required
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and no more and many times the palatal
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or the lingual surface of the tooth is intact
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and doesn't need any preparation
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so I want to show you now a little tour a
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little tour on the indications of the the spectrum of indications then we'll talk about tooth preparation
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and and provisionals and we'll finish with some aspects of bonding procedures.
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And please believe me, one hour and a half is nothing to present what I want to tell you.
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However, I tried to make a really concentrate for you of what I think is important.
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And in the indication, I just want to remind you, there are different types of bonded porcelain restorations the anterior dentition
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and I call them type 1 type 2
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and type 3 according to the amount of tooth substance that we are replacing according to the amount of interdental preparation
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and as you know the type 1 restoration the typical type 1 was described in the early 80s by Horn Calamia,
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Simonson, and it was really about minimal approach,
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minimum preparation or no preparation, reduced incisal coverage.
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And this is really the typical type 1, what I call type 1.
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And all these papers taught us that, including my friend Mark Friedman, who published a 15 year follow-up review,
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they taught us that as long as you prep in enamel, you are fine.
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If you exposed a significant amount of dentin, you are in trouble.
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That was true back then, it isn't true anymore today
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and I will explain why in the 90s we have an extension of the indication towards more tooth substance replacement,
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type 2 and type 3 restoration.
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This is more the daily bread of bonded porcelain restoration because the early indications,
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the type 1, today we solve them mostly by bleaching.
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Now, about these possibilities, we have,
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as I said, bleaching will address most of type 1 indications however still we have some indications
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that will not be covered by bleaching like severe discoloration non-response to
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and internal bleaching for instance we have type 2 are going
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to be more tooth substance replacement conoid teeth diastema triangle incisal prominence to be restored incisal guidance to be restored.
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Type 3 will be about extensive loss of tooth substance, coronal fracture, and extensive loss of enamel by erosion and wear.
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So a very classical example of type 1 for me is the case of endodontically treated teeth,
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like these two central and lateral incisors in this case.
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And a lot of people believe that veneering endodontically treated teeth is not a good idea.
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And Iowann really opposed to that.
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It is an excellent idea.
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If bleaching is not successful, if there is an indication for restructuring the shape, the length of the tooth,
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then veneers or bonded porcelain restoration are the perfect choice.
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We have to know that endodontically treated teeth are more brittle not because of the loss of the pulp per se,
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but because of the loss of tooth structure.
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The tooth structure loss becomes the primary cause of failure, not the pulp removal.
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In this context, the more conservative approach of veneer will maintain more remaining tooth substance,
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especially in a situation like this one, a 360 shoulder preparation would result in a total loss of the coronal substance.
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And the next thing you would have to think about is which type of post and core I want to use.
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And of course, this is a question we don't like too much and we want to avoid.
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And we know from many scientific publications that the best post is no post.
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And therefore, if we choose to use a porcelain veneer type approach in these teeth, we know that we are going to get the same reinforcement that we need.
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We are going to recover the stiffness, especially because the ceramic, as a stiff material,
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will act like a surface post or call it a skin post.
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I don't know how to say that.
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but it will apply the stiffness where it should be recovered, not at the level of the pulp, but at the level of the enamel layer.
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And so if we apply the porcelain veneers the right way by increasing the volume of enamel, then we can restore the original stiffness of the tooth,
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even on an endodontically treated tooth.
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And that's what we did in this case on the central, the lateral incisor.
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We included the contralateral central because it had a defect
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and we wanted also to improve the cohesiveness of the smile line
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and including the two centrales allowed us to develop a very nice curvature of the incisal edge lines,
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cohesive with the lower lip line.
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You see on the right the teeth after preparation.
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You see how conservative is the preparation.
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And the veneer is going to really like it as a surface post to give these teeth back what they have lost,
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which means stiffness and rigidity.
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And plus we have increased, we have improved function by guidance, by anterior guidance.
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And I will tell you about that again.
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Anterior guidance is your friend.
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If you know how to bond the restoration, interior guidance is your friend.
为什么用这个视频练习口语？
通过观看和模仿此视频中的对话，学习者可以提高他们的口语能力。视频中讨论了牙科领域的专业知识，语境明确，使得参与者可以在真实的医疗场景中练习。利用这种方式，学习者不仅能够熟悉牙科相关的英语词汇，还能锻炼用英语解释复杂概念的能力。通过shadowing（影子跟读），他们能够在听力和口语表达上取得显著进步。而参与看YouTube学英语或shadowspeak的练习，学习者可以通过反复模仿，加深对发音和语调的理解。
语法与表达在语境中的应用
在视频中，讲者使用了一些关键表达，这些表达在牙科领域尤为重要：
- “I want to say” - 此表达用于引入个人观点，常见于专业讨论中。
- “As you know” - 用于提醒听众对某些信息的熟悉度，增加说话的权威感。
- “We need to” - 强调必要性，适合于提出建议或措施时使用。
- “Today we don’t need that anymore” - 此句型用于强调变化，适用于讨论技术或理念的演变。
学习者在模仿这些句式时，可以更加自然地表达自己并增强与他人交流时的自信。
常见的发音陷阱
在视频中，有些单词和音调可能会对学习者造成挑战：
- “crown” - 注意短元音的发音，避免发成“crone”。
- “vital” - 需要注意轻重音，确保发音自然。
- “restoration” - 发音中的重音音节要明确，容易导致混淆。
通过shadow speak的技巧，学习者可以不断练习这些发音，进而提高他们的口语流利度和准确性。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。