跟读练习: PCB Assembly: Low Volume vs. High Volume - 通过视频学习英语口语
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One of the first questions to ask when evaluating a PCB assembly contract manufacturer is can they handle the expected production volume?
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To answer that, we first have to understand what we mean by low, mid, and high volumes.
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For this video, we'll leave aside very high -volume consumer electronics,
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and consider more typical volumes done by US -based contract manufacturers like Z -Axis.
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Buyers of SMT printed circuit boards often consider volume in terms of boards per year, but that doesn't tell us what we need to know.
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A contract manufacturer thinks in terms of numbers of parts to be placed.
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This is
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because the speed of the SMT pick -and -place machines is
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generally the limiting factor in how fast a job can be completed.
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Consider this example.
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For this job, we need to produce 50 boards.
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For this job, we need to produce 1 ,000.
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Which is higher volume?
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This board has 1 ,800 parts, so that's a total of 90 ,000 parts in the job.
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This one has 40 parts per board for a total of 40 ,000 parts.
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We'd consider it to be a lower volume job even though it's 20 times more boards.
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One reason the number of boards doesn't give you the true picture of volume is panelization.
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For most PCB assemblies, the layout designer fits multiple boards in an array on a single substrate or panel.
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The entire panel is populated at once, and then depaneled into individual boards.
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So to produce 10 ,000 small boards, which sounds like a lot, we may need just 100 panels.
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But again, what really matters is the total number of parts in the job job.
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Now that we have a better understanding of volume, let's look at what a contract manufacturer needs in order to do low, mid, and high volumes in one factory.
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First, you need SMT lines designed for both speed and flexibility.
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These machines pick and place up to 45 ,000 parts per hour to complete high volume jobs fast, and are designed for fast changeover between jobs,
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so you can do many different lower volume jobs in a week.
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A contract manufacturer may also have a semi -automated line for lower -volume jobs, as well as new products.
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For work other than SMT assembly, we may use manual processes for low volumes and switch to robotic systems for higher volumes.
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For example, this robotic dispensing system for box builds.
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For IC programming, we can process a low volume by hand or use a robotic system for higher volumes.
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For through -hole PCB assembly and some mixed technology boards, the wave solder can handle any volume.
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For mixed technology boards that can't be wave soldered, we can do hand soldering for low volumes or robotic soldering for higher volumes.
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Visit our website to learn more about contract manufacturing of low, mid, or high volume electronic products in the USA.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“PCB Assembly: Low Volume vs. High Volume”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：volume, board, parts, contract, manufacturer。 这段视频共有 32 个句子、471 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:00。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 157 个词，接近日常对话。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 10 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| manufacturer 名词 | /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/ | 製作者 /制作者, 製造者 /制造者 |
| designer 名词 | /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ | 設計師 /设计师, 設計家 /设计家 |
| manual 名词 | /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ | 手冊 /手册 |
| electronics 名词 | /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/ | 電子學 /电子学 |
| layout 名词 | /ˈleɪ.aʊt/ | 設計 /设计, 佈局 /布局 |
| buyer 名词 | /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/ | 買主 /买主, 購買人 /购买人 |
| evaluate 动词 | /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/ | 評價 /评价 |
| substrate 名词 | /ˈsʌbˌstɹeɪt/ | 底層語言 /底层语言 |
| solder 名词 | /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ | 焊料 |
| automate 动词 | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | 自動化 /自动化 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, can't, we'd。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- 长单词——注意重音位置: manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: robotic /ɹoʊˈbɑtɪk/, circuit /ˈsɝ.kɪt/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, layout /ˈleɪ.aʊt/, evaluate /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, solder /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 manufacturer, designer, manual 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。