跟读练习: Proxy vs Reverse Proxy Server Explained - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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going on guys my name is Hussain
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going on guys my name is Hussain
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and in this video I want to discuss the difference between a proxy and a reverse proxy.
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I made a video two years ago and I want to remake this video
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and talk about things that I haven't talked about in the previous video
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and things that I recently learned from
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and from you guys like you had a lot of questions I compile these questions into this video as well
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so if you're interested stay tuned how about we jump into the video.
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So the first thing is what is a proxy?
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A proxy is a software that makes requests on behalf of a client.
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So in this case, for example, the client here, the laptop says, hey, I want to go to google.com.
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But it has certain configuration in its setting that says, by the way, this is my proxy.
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That means any request that needs to go out have to go through the proxy first.
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So all the connections is actually established between those two guys only.
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All right?
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And then the proxy will look at the data and says, oh, you want to go to google.com?
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I'll take care of it.
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I'll make the request of your behalf.
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So as far as Google is concerned or any of the destination server here, the client is the proxy, not this guy, right?
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So that's essentially what a proxy is, right?
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You might say, okay, what are use cases for this?
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Well, some ISPs use proxies to block certain unwanted websites and certain governments, not all of them, right?
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At your work, some organization uses a proxy.
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They want to protect you from bad websites that, well, this is confidential data and we don't want you to visit bad websites.
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So this is a list of things that you shouldn't access.
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And we can know because we keep the list right here.
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So if you try to access certain websites that we think is an efficient website, we're going to block you right here.
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We're going to block that website.
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And another use case is like, hey, I want to cache this stuff.
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Hey, we just made another person just made a request for certain content.
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Hey, I have it cached here.
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Don't bother.
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I'm not going to go to the server to pull this content again.
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I'm just going to serve it back to you.
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So that's where you use a proxy.
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How about some use cases of a proxy?
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The use of proxy is caching.
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Caching is very popular where, hey, I'm consuming this content, but someone else already have done it.
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So as you have this centralized location where all the some of the requests going through the proxy, the proxy can serve you cached content.
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This could be bad or good, but nevertheless, it's a good idea sometimes.
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right anonymity anonymity from the final destination the final destination doesn't know
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that originating client as we have discussed here as far as
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Google is concerned this is the client right not this one right
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so this is kind of an anonymity right code in code you're kind of understand
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that you're transferring the anonymity from one place to another
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because yes Google doesn't know who you are anymore
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but the proxy does logging yeah
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and again in a work environment hey i want to log everybody request
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and say okay this website is being visited a lot
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so maybe it's time to start caching this website
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or maybe this guy's oh this is this guy's always on facebook oh why is he doing
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that right block websites hey i don't want you isps
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and work situations can actually do that right if it can protect you from bad websites or actually if certain governments,
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right, can force clients to actually use a proxy to access the internet.
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It's like, hey, without this proxy, you cannot access the internet.
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I'm sorry.
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So if the month is to use a proxy, any website goes, any request goes through that ISP proxy.
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And the moment you do that,
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well, they can see certain information not everything at least the domains we we can go hours talking about
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that stuff right block website
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microservices is one of the recent chain uh use cases of
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proxies especially a sidecar proxies there are many type proxies guys this yeah http proxy tcp proxy sidecar proxy
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so microservices is also another use case where you can deploy a proxy next to your application and have it
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take care of networking stuff, right?
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So if you make a simple request, right, let's say an HTTP one request,
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that sidecar proxy can actually start upgrading that request to a newer protocol, let's say HTTP two or HTTP three, right?
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So it can do that for you because it know how to speak that language.
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You just speak in a primitive way between these two.
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And this could be the bad ass configuration, right?
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They can use gRPC.
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They can use very high tech at the back end, right?
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So, that's another use case for microservices.
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Microservices actually uses both proxy and reverse proxy.
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Jumping to the reverse proxy.
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The reverse proxy is actually the reverse, and I hate that because it's very confusing, I know.
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In the proxy configuration, the server doesn't know the client.
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In the reverse proxy, the client doesn't know the final destination server.
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it's actually reversed right so if here you want to go to google.com
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which is your final destination
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but guess what google.com in itself is a reverse proxy it is not the true final destination
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and you don't know that
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because guess what the proxy in this case will make the request still on your behalf
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but you don't know that they will communicate to either google server one or Google server two or Google server three.
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And this is one use case of a reverse proxy called load balancing, right?
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So, hey, I want to go to this or no, maybe I'm going to use a canary deployment.
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Well, I'm testing that 8% of users should use this new version of the application, right?
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And Instagram does that all the time, right?
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Or YouTube does that all the time.
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Hey, we're testing all the request, 8% of the request, we're testing this new feature, right?
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This new functionality.
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Oh, well, 8% of the request, literally in the reverse proxy, we're going to funnel it to this destination.
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And that's it.
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That's how you get the new functionality, right?
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So that's a reverse proxy.
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Again, very quick.
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In a proxy, the server doesn't know the client.
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Reverse proxy, the client doesn't know the final destination.
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That's the simplest I can get it, really, right?
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And let's talk about reverse proxy use cases, more reverse proxy use cases.
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Caching is again, shows up again.
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I want to make a request to Google.com and the Google.com is a reverse proxy.
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Well, it will cache content for me so that I don't have to.
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It doesn't have to go to the back end and features on formation for me.
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Right.
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Formation that are already being fetched so catching is very important load balancing something you cannot do with just a proxy
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load balancing hey i am you're making a request to me
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which is the reverse proxy i'm sometimes gonna hit this server
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sometimes i'm gonna hit this server sometimes i'm gonna hit this server
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and there are so this you can speak about this for hours guys i i made
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so many videos about load balancing there are many types of
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app balancer layer 4 load balancers layer 7 load balancers layer 3 load balancers it is a complicated topic
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if you want to learn more i'm going to reference the
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playlist it's going to in the comment section go dive deep into it
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and just enjoy this is a huge huge huge huge feature right
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so a lot balancing ingress in kubernetes and microservices
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and architecture always says hey all right you talk to me
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sir as a reverse proxy your client talk to me reverse proxy
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and guess what if you want to access the pictures api i'm gonna funnel you to this api
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if you're doing going to the comments api i'm going to funnel you to this
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so that's called an ingress where it's actually based on certain
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filtering on the content at least the http side it says
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oh you want to go to this you want to consume
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the comments api you want to consume the pictures api you
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want to consume this api right well i'm going to take you to the actual service
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that is responsible of serving you this content
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so it's not really not balancing it's kind of cause it's
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all an ingress where it's kind of like like a router right
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so hey this goes here this goes here this goes here very important features in kubernetes canary deployment
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Canary deployment is where we talked about right?
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This is hey, I'm experimenting that 3% of all YouTube videos should have a random generated thumbnail.
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That's a canary deployment.
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How do they do it?
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Reverse proxy rules.
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They have rules and they define it in the reverse proxy.
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Examples of reverse proxies guys by the way, hundreds of them right?
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There are it's a proxy there is nginx there is envoy
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there is linkedin linkedin linker d already run out i say 100
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but i can't think of a lot of people
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that yeah caddy web server some people some some servers act like a web server
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and a reverse proxy which is awesome
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and finally the microservices yes a microservice architecture reverse proxy is
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also a key where each service sometimes as a sidecar plays like a sidecar it's both a proxy
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and a reverse proxy at the same time we're going to talk about
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that all right guys so these are the most common questions
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that i have collected over over the years and just from reading my comment section on the youtube channel
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the first question is can the proxy
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and the reverse proxy be used at the same time yes
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there is a use case where a proxy can act also as a reverse proxy at the same instance
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and this is called the service mesh right a service mesh
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or a sidecar proxy like linker d or stu
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or envoy are used in microservices architecture
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and it is used all the time to kind of build
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the networking feature of the application in the proxy itself instead of
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and focus the application to write its own features instead of worrying about timeouts
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and circuit break and all that garbage right so
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So that's a use case where a proxy can act like
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a reverse proxy the same a second uh question is can
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i use a proxy instead of vpn for anonymity well you can yeah you can
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but you have to really know what they are doing technically vpn is more secure than
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a proxy because they are at lower level and vpn the only thing
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that vpn can see in your content is the domain that
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and that's assuming every website you're visiting has the padlock in
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it https right assuming i'm talking about only web traffic here but yeah
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if the vpn can only see the domains right you have you're going to facebook.com they can see
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that right you're going to this website that's come a proxy is more dangerous
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because some proxies can not only see see the domains, they can see everything if they are TLS terminating proxies.
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If they are that type, then actually they can just see everything you're doing and you don't want that, right?
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So if you want to use a proxy, know that it's not a TLS termination proxy.
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If it's that, then it's essentially decrypting the traffic and serving you its certificate.
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So to know is very easy.
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Go to the padlock and click on it and see that it's being served by the final destination web server, not the proxies certificate, right?
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But yeah, to be honest, I don't use a VPN or a proxy, right?
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Because first of all, I don't have a use case where I want to visit.
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I live in the United States, so any page is pretty much open, right?
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But if I want to use anonymity, I'm not going to use a VPN because VPN still, the anonymity is still not going to use a VPN transferred from from my isp to the vpn
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so the vpn know where i'm going and which websites i'm visiting
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but yeah even i don't have a use case
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so i don't use a vpn
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or a proxy i'm sorry i might consider using it to to access some content
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that i'm not supposed to watch in the united states i
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don't know some uk shows right i would i would use a vpn
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but yeah i don't use that any of them Plus, as long as the website is secure, it's good, right?
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And the domains, really?
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I mean, yeah, they can look that I'm viewing amazon.com or facebook.com.
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Yeah.
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So I'm not really worried about that much.
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So that's just me.
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Is proxy just for HTTP traffic?
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No. You can have so many types of proxies.
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There is SOX proxies, which is a very low level.
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There is unused for tunneling.
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There is HTTP proxy, which only forwards traffic for HTTP, right?
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There is HTTPS traffic proxy, which can act both ways.
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As a tunneling proxy using the connect HTTP method, which is safer.
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Or as a TLS termination, which is you want to use TLS termination reverse proxies.
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TLS termination proxies And you use it for your normal days That's a no-no Alright guys That's it for me
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Hopefully it was a quick video I don't know
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if it's worse than the one I made
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But hey I just thought it was a good idea To just remake this video guys for you
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And follow me on Twitter Send me your great questions I
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love to leave them Subscribe to this channel to see more software engineering Backend technology I talk about all
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that stuff in this channel and I'm going to see you in the next one.
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You guys stay awesome.
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背景信息
在当前互联网环境中，代理服务器和反向代理服务器的概念变得越来越重要。视频中，演讲者Hussain深入探讨了这两个术语的不同之处，从实际案例和使用场景展开，帮助听众更好地理解代理服务器的工作原理及应用。这对正在努力提高英语能力的学习者尤其重要，因为理解这些技术概念不仅可以扩展他们的词汇量，还能够提高他们的听力理解能力。
日常交流中的五个关键短语
- 代理服务器（proxy）：指一种代替客户机发出请求的软件。
- 请求（request）：表示客户端希望访问某个网站时发出的请求。
- 缓存（caching）：涉及存储常见请求的数据，以提高访问速度。
- 匿名性（anonymity）：通过代理隐藏客户机的真实身份。
- 日志记录（logging）：追踪和记录所有用户的请求，以便分析频繁访问的网站。
逐步跟读指南
学习如何有效运用跟读（shadowing）技巧来提高你的英语水平是至关重要的。以下是针对本视频内容的具体步骤：
- 选择合适的片段：从视频中选择1-2分钟的短片段进行跟读，这样可以确保理解并吸收内容。
- 逐句模仿：一边观看视频，一边暂停并模仿发言者的语调和节奏。注意他在表达时使用的关键短语。
- 多次重复：反复播放该片段，并尝试不看字幕进行跟读，确保把每个短语都融入你的发言中。
- 记录进步：使用音频录音设备记录你的发音，回放并对比与视频中的发音，找出改进之处。
- 利用学习资源：结合“看YouTube学英语”等资源，拓宽你的学习范围，提升你的英语听说能力。
通过以上的跟读技巧，学习者不仅能够增强语言的表达能力，还能提高听力理解力与语音水平，逐步掌握更加流利的英语口语。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。