跟读练习: Traffic Has a Perfect Solution. Humans Are the Problem. - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Stuck at an intersection, you always watch unfold the fundamental problem of traffic.
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On green, the first car accelerates, and then the next, and then the next, and then the next, and then you, only to catch the red.
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Had the cars accelerated simultaneously, you would have made it through.
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Coordination, not cars, is the problem, because we are monkey drivers with slow reaction times and short attention spans.
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Even if we tried, getting everyone to press the pedal on three, two, one, now would be challenging.
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This discoordination limits how many cars can get through an intersection, and when one backs up to the next, that's when city -sized gridlock cascades happen, taking forever to clear.
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In general, more intersections equals more discoordination, which equals more traffic.
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This is the motive behind big highways.
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No intersections.
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Splits and merges, yes.
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Intersections, no. No stopping, no coordination problems, no traffic.
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Well, that's the theory anyway.
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Intersections outside of a highway will back up onto it, again because human reaction times limit how many cars can escape the off -ramp when the light changes.
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But even without intersections, there would still be traffic on the highway.
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Traffic can just appear.
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Take a one -lane highway with happy cars flowing until a chicken crosses the road.
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The driver who sees it brakes a little, the driver behind him doesn't notice immediately and brakes a little harder than necessary, the driver behind him does the same until someone comes to a complete stop.
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And oh look, cars approaching at highway speeds must now stop as well.
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Though the chicken is long gone, it left a phantom intersection on the highway.
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This is what's happened
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when you're stuck in traffic for hours thinking there must be a deadly pile up ahead
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and then suddenly the traffic's over with no wreckage in sight.
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To your relief if you're a good person and mild annoyance if you aren't.
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You just pass through a phantom intersection, the cause of which is long gone.
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And this phantom intersection moves.
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It's really a traffic snake slithering down the road, eating oncoming cars at one end and pooping them out the other.
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On a ring road, a single car slowing down will start an aerobarous of traffic that will last forever, even though there's no problem with the road.
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If the drivers could coordinate to accelerate and separate simultaneously, easy driving would return, but they can't, so traffic eternal.
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On highways, traffic snakes grow if cars are eated faster than excreted, and they shrink if excreted faster than eated,
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dying when the last car accelerates away before the next car must stop.
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Now, in multi -lane highways, there needs be no chicken to start gridlock.
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A driver crossing lanes quickly with cars too close behind is enough to birth a traffic snake
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that lives for hours and leagues.
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It's this quick crossing that causes drivers behind to overbrake and begin a chain reaction.
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But we can make traffic snakes less likely by changing the way we drive.
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Your goal as a driver is to stay the same distance
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from the car ahead as from the car behind at all times.
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Tailgating is trouble, not just because it makes accidents more likely, but because you as the tailgater can start a traffic snake if the driver ahead breaks.
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Always in the middle.
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This gives you the most time to prevent overbraking, but also gives the driver behind you the most time as well.
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And when stuck in traffic, this rule would get all cars to pull apart the snake faster.
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That's the simple solution to traffic, getting humans to change their behavior, perhaps by sharing this video to show how and why traffic happens,
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why tailgaters are trouble, and how we can work together to make the roads better for all.
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The end.
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Except, yeah, wishing upon a star that people are better than they are is a terrible solution every time.
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Instead, what works is a structurally systematized solution, which is exactly what self -driving cars are.
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Self -driving cars can just be programmed to stay in the middle and accelerate simultaneously.
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They'll just do it.
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The more self -driving cars at an intersection, the more efficient the intersection gets a solid lane of self -driving cars vastly increases throughput.
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Hmm, actually, if you ban humans from the road, which we should totally do anyway, you can get rid of the intersection entirely.
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After all, a traffic light is just a tool for drivers on one road to communicate with drivers on another, poorly and coarsely.
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Red equals don't go now, we are coming through the intersection.
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Green equals good to go.
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But self -driving cars can talk to each other at the speed of light.
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With that kind of coordination, no traffic light necessary.
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Just as with a highway, the best intersection is no intersection.
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Humans will never drive this precisely.
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At the intersection, the fundamental problem with traffic that you watch unfold, as with everything, is people.
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So the real simple solution to traffic is no more monkeys driving cars.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Traffic Has a Perfect Solution. Humans Are the Problem”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：traffic, intersection, driver, highway, driving。 这段视频共有 57 个句子、968 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:09。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 188 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| intersection 名词 | /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/ | 路口, 交叉 |
| snake 名词 | /sneɪk/ | шә, чончун |
| coordination 名词 | /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/ | 協調動作的能力 /协调动作的能力 |
| accelerate 动词 | /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/ | 加速 |
| brake 名词 | /bɹeɪk/ | 剎車 /刹车, 制動器 /制动器 |
| simultaneously 副词 | /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ | 同時地 /同时地 |
| audio 形容词 | /ˈɔ.di.oʊ/ | 音頻 /音频, 伴音 |
| fundamental 形容词 | /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/ | 基本 |
| monkey 名词 | /ˈmʌŋki/ | 猴子, 猴兒 /猴儿 |
| efficient 形容词 | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | 高效率 |
| endless 形容词 | /ˈɛndlɪs/ | 無窮 /无穷, 不盡 /不尽 |
| pile 名词 | /paɪl/ | 堆 |
| eternal 形容词 | /ɪˈtɝ.nl̩/ | 永恆 /永恒, 永遠 /永远 |
| mild 形容词 | /ˈmaɪld/ | 溫和的, 温和的 |
| motive 名词 | /ˈmoʊtɪv/ | 動機 /动机 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| get through 动词 | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | 度過 /度过 |
| slow down 动词 | 減速 /减速, 放慢 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, aren't, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: slither /ˈslɪðɚ/, throughput /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/, vastly /ˈvæstli/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: snake /sneɪk/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, brake /bɹeɪk/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, precisely /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/, poorly /ˈpʊɹ.li/, gridlock /ˈɡɹɪdˌlɑk/, coarsely /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 intersection, snake, coordination 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。