跟读练习: What causes hearing loss? ⏲️ 6 Minute English - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Georgie.
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As we get older, many of us notice our sense of hearing getting worse.
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Maybe we need to concentrate harder or ask people to speak more loudly.
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Has that happened to you, Neil?
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Not really.
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A while ago I thought maybe my ears were getting worse,
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but I had a check-up and everything was fine, thankfully.
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That's great.
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In the UK alone, hearing loss affects 18 million people and that number is increasing.
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In this programme, we'll discover why we lose hearing with age and,
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as usual, learn some useful new vocabulary.
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And you can also find a transcript of this episode on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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But now listen up, Georgie,
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because I have a question for you.
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Did you know that the three smallest bones in the human body,
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the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup,
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are all located in the ear,
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but which one of those is the smallest?
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Is it A, the hammer,
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B, the anvil, or C, the stirrup bone?
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That one's a difficult one.
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I'm going to say the anvil bone.
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OK, well we'll find out the answer later on.
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To understand why our hearing gets worse with age,
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it's useful to know a little about how the ear works in the first place.
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Here's Mr Nish Mehta, an ear,
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nose and throat surgeon at the Royal National ENT Hospital in London,
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giving a beginner's class to BBC Radio 4 programme Inside Health.
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Hearing is an amazing sense.
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It's a special sense.
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And the ear is really the hearing organ.
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So the ear is split up into three main parts.
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It's the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear.
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The outer ear is the bit that you see.
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It's on the side of your head.
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We call that the pinna.
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Think of that as the satellite dish.
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It collects the sounds and it funnels them in towards the sense organ.
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That then gets transmitted to the middle ear.
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The middle ear's main job is to amplify those sounds.
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That's done by having an eardrum which catches it and then vibrates sympathetically to the vibration of the noise that you heard.
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And then that's passed on to the three smallest bones in the body,
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the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup.
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The ear is made up of outer, middle and inner parts.
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It's one of our sense organs,
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specific parts of the body,
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your ears, eyes, tongue, nose and skin,
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which allow you to experience the outside world.
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The visible part, the outer ear or pinna,
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acts like a satellite dish,
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collecting sounds which it funnels into the middle ear.
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The verb funnel means to move or direct something through a narrow space.
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Once in the middle ear,
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the eardrum amplifies the sounds,
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before transmitting them to tiny hairs in the inner ear,
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which then sends electrical signals to the brain.
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It's an incredible system, but unfortunately one that can go wrong at any stage.
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Here, James Gallagher, presenter of BBC Radio 4's Inside Health,
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asks Nish Mehta when problems tend to start.
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We're going to spend a lot of today,
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Nish, thinking about age-related hearing loss.
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When does that start?
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Wear and tear of your hearing starts from around the age of eight.
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Okay, so we're doomed already.
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We're already on a downward spiral.
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But we've got a lot of redundancy on the system.
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And the speed at which our hearing declines is partly based on the genetics that you're born with,
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and then partly based on the environment that you're exposed to.
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So someone who has really strong genetics to protect them from hearing,
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but spends their life on a pneumatic drill,
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may have a much faster decline than someone on the other side.
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You can imagine that your brain is doing
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so much computation behind the scenes just to listen to someone speaking and understand the words that are saying.
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So whilst hearing is going,
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the brain tends to increase its listening effort.
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And so often it's a very slow process for you to realise that you're struggling with hearing.
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Wear and tear of our hearing starts as young as eight.
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and tear means the damage that comes from ordinary, everyday use.
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When Nish says this, James exclaims,
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we're doomed – an informal way of saying we're destined to fail.
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From the age of 8,
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our hearing is on a downward spiral – a situation which gets worse and worse.
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But don't worry just yet – human hearing has evolved with redundancy in the system,
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a technical phrase meaning that there are many ways to achieve the same outcome,
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so that but a backup system can take over if other systems fail.
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Here, for example, the brain works harder to compensate for a weaker sound signal reaching the inner ear.
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And there are other ways hearing loss can be helped as well,
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including hearing aids, surgery or even just removing extra earwax – not a job I would like very much.
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After that fascinating journey into the world of hearing,
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I think it's time to reveal the answer to your question, Neil.
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I asked you which is the smallest bone in the body and they are all in the ear.
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Is it a the hammer,
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b the anvil or c the stirrup bone?
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I said the anvil, didn't I?
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You did, but I'm afraid you obviously weren't listening in biology class
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because you are wrong – it is in fact the stirrup bone.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned,
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starting with sense organs – specific parts of the body like your ears and eyes which allow you to experience the world.
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To funnel means to move or direct something through a narrow space.
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And a funnel – the noun – is a cone-shaped tool which does this.
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and tear refers to the damage that comes from using something every day.
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If you say, we're doomed,
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you mean we're going to be defeated or fail.
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And a downward spiral is a situation which continuously gets worse and worse.
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And finally, redundancy in the system refers to having more than one way to achieve an objective
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so that a backup can take over if other methods fail.
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You'll be sad to hear that once again our six minutes are up,
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but why not head over to our website bbclearningenglish.com to try the quiz and worksheet for this episode.
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Goodbye for now.
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Goodbye.
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com
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在这段来自BBC Learning English的对话中，主持人Neil和Georgie讨论了听力损失的原因，以及它如何影响我们的生活。随着年龄的增长，许多人发现自己的听力逐渐下降，这可能会导致他们需要更加集中注意力，或者请求他人说话更大声。了解听力的工作原理以及如何预防听力下降，有助于我们更好地保护自己的听觉健康。
日常交流中的五个常用短语
- 作为你的耳朵的工作 - 了解耳朵的结构。
- 听力是一种特殊的感觉 - 强调听力在人类感官中的重要性。
- 外耳、中耳和内耳 - 介绍耳朵的三个主要部分。
- 把声音传递到听觉器官 - 描述声音如何被耳朵处理。
- 我觉得声音变得越来越小 - 表达个人听力变化的感受。
逐步跟随指南
要有效地掌握这一视频中的内容，建议遵循以下步骤进行shadowing练习：
- 观看视频：首先，观看整个视频，了解整体内容和结构，不必过于关注细节。
- 逐句重听：之后，逐句重听视频中的每一句话，注意发音和语调。
- 练习跟读：使用shadow speech，跟随音频模仿发音和语调，提升自己的口语能力。
- 记录和纠正：录下自己的声音，与原音进行比较，找出需要改进的地方。
- 重复练习：持续重复以上步骤，直到你能够自由地复述内容，增加对复杂短语的掌握。
通过这样的练习，您可以有效提高雅思口语练习能力，更自信地使用英语进行交流。记得定期访问您的shadowing site，与其他学习者分享进步，互相激励。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。