跟读练习: What Did Ancient Humans Do all Day Before Jobs Existed? - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
B2
You wake up when your body is ready.
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You wake up when your body is ready.
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No alarm, no schedule, no place you need to be.
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You sit up, stretch, and ask yourself one question.
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What should I do today?
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For 99% of human history, this wasn't a hypothetical.
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This was every single morning for roughly 300,000 years.
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And the answer to that question looked nothing like the life you're living right now.
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Modern humans spend about 90,000 hours of their lives working.
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That's roughly one-third of your waking existence dedicated to a job.
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But for the overwhelming majority of human history, jobs didn't exist.
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There was no employment, no wages,
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no boss, no career ladder to climb.
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So what did people actually do all day?
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Let's start with what we know for certain.
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In 1963, archaeologist Richard Lee conducted a study that would change how we understand prehistoric life.
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He tracked the daily activities of the Dobeju,
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Hwansi people in Botswana, one of the few remaining groups still living in a way that resembles pre-agricultural human life.
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He found that adults spent about 2.5 days per week acquiring food.
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That's roughly 17 hours.
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The rest of the time,
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they did whatever they wanted.
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And here's the important part.
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This pattern shows up everywhere anthropologists look.
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The Hadza in Tanzania.
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The Ake in Paraguay.
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The Martu in Australia.
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Completely different environments.
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Different continents.
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Same result.
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About 15 to 20 hours per week spent on survival activities.
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For context, you probably worked twice that.
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Now, some of you are thinking,
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but those are modern people.
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How do we know ancient humans lived the same way?
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Fair question.
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And the answer comes from bones.
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When archaeologists compare skeletons of ancient humans to early agricultural populations,
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the difference is dramatic.
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Farmers were shorter.
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Their bones show signs of nutritional deficiency.
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Their teeth were riddled with cavities from grain-heavy diets.
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They had arthritis in their spines from repetitive labor.
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And they died younger.
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Ancient human skeletons?
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Taller.
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Stronger.
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Healthier teeth.
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Less joint damage.
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Their bones tell a clear story.
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They were doing less repetitive physical labor, not more.
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But the most fascinating evidence comes from something archaeologists found that shouldn't exist if survival was a constant struggle.
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Art.
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In 1994, explorers discovered Chauvet Cave in southern France.
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Inside were paintings created roughly 30,000 years ago.
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Horses, lions, rhinoceroses, rendered with perspective, shading, and movement.
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These weren't crude stick figures.
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This was sophisticated art that required skill,
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planning, and most importantly, time.
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Someone spent hours, maybe days,
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deep inside a cave by firelight,
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painting animals on a wall.
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Not for survival, not for food,
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for beauty, for meaning, for something to do.
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In Blombo's cave in South Africa,
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archaeologists found 100,000-year-old perforated shell beads,
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tiny holes drilled through seashells,
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clearly meant to be strung together as jewelry.
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The nearest coastline was 20 kilometers away.
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Someone walked 40 kilometers round trip just to collect shells,
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then spent hours carefully drilling holes with stone tools.
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Just to look good, in 2008,
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researchers found a 40,000-year-old flute carved from a vulture bone in Germany.
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Five finger holes, perfectly spaced.
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Whoever made this understood music.
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They understood pitch.
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And they spent significant time crafting it.
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Not for hunting, not for defense, for music.
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These aren't isolated finds.
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Across Europe, Africa, and Asia,
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archaeological sites from 100,000 years ago onward are filled with evidence of decorative objects,
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carefully crafted tools far more elaborate than necessary for survival,
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and items that required hours of focused work with no immediate practical benefit.
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This is what people did when they weren't securing food.
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They created.
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They decorated.
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They made things beautiful.
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So let's reconstruct a day.
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You wake up around dawn.
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The fire from last night is still smoldering.
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Someone adds wood.
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You eat leftover meat or fish from yesterday.
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Maybe some nuts or berries collected the day before.
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Breakfast is social.
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People talk.
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They plan loosely for the day.
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Not because they have to.
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Because that's what humans do.
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Around mid-morning, a small group might leave to hunt or gather.
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But here's the key.
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You don't go every day.
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If the hunt was successful two days ago and food is stored,
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you might not leave camp at all.
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You might spend the morning working on tools.
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Sharpening a spear.
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Weaving a basket.
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Scraping an animal hide to make it soft and usable.
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This isn't work in the modern sense.
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There's no clock.
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You do it because competence matters.
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Because being skilled earns respect.
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Because making things well is part of being human.
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If hunting happens, it's not the frantic chase you see in movies.
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Humans are persistence hunters.
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We track animals at a steady jog for hours until they overheat and collapse.
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We're the only species that can do this effectively because we can sweat and regulate our body temperature while running.
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Most animals can't.
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So we outlast them.
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The hunt might take 3-6 hours, including travel.
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Then the animal is carried back and butchered.
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Everyone eats.
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And by early afternoon, the productive part of the day is essentially over.
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What happens next is what modern people find hardest to understand.
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Nothing. And everything.
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People rest.
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They sit in the shade and talk.
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with children, they groom each other,
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picking through hair, reinforcing bonds,
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they make jewelry from shells or beads or animal teeth,
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they carve designs into bones or stones, they nap.
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Anthropologist James Suzman documented that among the Ju Huanxi,
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adults spend roughly six hours per day in what he called social time.
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Not working, not sleeping, just being with other people,
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talking, laughing, telling jokes, because in a world without money or police or written contracts,
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your survival depends entirely on your relationships.
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If people don't like you,
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they don't have to share food when you're hungry.
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So you invest enormous amounts of time in those bonds.
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Not because it's productive, because it's how humans stay human.
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Then the sun sets.
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And this is when something remarkable happens.
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In 2014, anthropologist Polly Wiesner analyzed hundreds of hours of conversation recordings from the Zhu Huanzi.
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During the day conversations were practical,
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who saw animal tracks where,
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which plants were ready for harvest,
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complaints about someone not sharing fairly.
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But at night, around the fire,
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81% of conversations shifted to stories.
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Myths about how the world began,
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tales of ancestors who did impossible things,
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jokes that made everyone laugh, adventures from far away.
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Weissner argued that this is where human culture was actually born.
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Gods, spirits, the past, the future.
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Things you can only think about when your stomach is full and you're safe.
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And people didn't go to sleep and stay asleep the way you do now.
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Historical records from medieval Europe and sleep studies from the 1990s confirmed that before artificial light,
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Humans slept in two phases.
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First sleep for about four hours,
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then a wakeful period of one to two hours in complete darkness.
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Then second sleep for another four hours.
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So here's what a full day looked like.
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About four to six hours securing food or making tools.
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About six hours in social interaction,
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storytelling, grooming, playing, about eight hours sleeping in two separate phases,
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and the rest, resting.
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Sitting.
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Watching clouds.
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Doing nothing in particular.
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Existing without needing to justify your existence through productivity.
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Then, about 10,000 years ago, something changed.
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Humans in the Fertile Crescent began planting seeds and domesticating animals.
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Agriculture.
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And agriculture is a trap.
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Once you start farming, you can feed more people.
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More people means you need more food.
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More food means more farming.
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Within a few generations, populations exploded and there was no going back.
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Because now there were too many mouths to survive by hunting and gathering.
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You were locked in.
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And farming required far more labor.
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Plowing, planting, weeding, harvesting, storing,
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defending crops from animals and raiders.
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The skeletal evidence is unambiguous.
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Early farmers worked harder, ate worse,
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and died younger than the hunter-gatherers who came before them.
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But the population kept growing.
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And with larger populations came specialists.
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Toolmakers, potters, weavers, inventors, then soldiers,
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priests, administrators, and eventually, jobs.
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Employment.
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The idea that your time belonged to someone else in exchange for resources.
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By the time we built cities,
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the original human lifestyle was gone.
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Replaced by schedules, obligations, the need to work most of your waking hours just to survive in the system we created.
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Today, you spend 90,000 hours working.
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Your ancestors spent way less.
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You sleep in one block and call waking up at 2 a.m insomnia.
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They slept in two phases and used the middle hours for reflection.
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You spend your life chasing an illusion of greatness,
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achievements, wealth, and success by standards society invented.
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They woke up every morning already free,
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already enough, and at peace with nothing to prove to anyone.
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They didn't need to become successful.
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They were already living the life you're working your entire existence to retire into.
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You make art if you can find time after your job.
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They made art because they had time,
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and that's what humans do.
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We're not a different species,
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but we live so differently from how humans lived for 99% of our existence that we might as well be.
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We traded freedom for food security,
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leisure for population growth, time for productivity,
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and most of us have no idea what we gave up,
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because we never knew it was there.
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背景与脉络
在这段视频中，讲述者探讨了人类历史上工作与生存之间的关系。在现代社会，工作占据了我们生活的很大一部分，然而在大约30万年前，古人类的生活方式与今天截然不同。没有闹钟、没有固定的日程安排，古人类每天都在探问“我今天该做什么？”这种生活状态持续了相当长的时间。通过研究像博茨瓦纳的Dobeju和Hwansi这些依然类似于前农业社会生活方式的人群，考古学家发现，古人类在获取食物上花费的时间远少于现代人。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- What should I do today? - 我今天该做什么？
- For 99% of human history, this wasn't a hypothetical. - 在人类历史的99%时间里，这并不是假设。
- They did whatever they wanted. - 他们做任何他们想做的事情。
- Their bones tell a clear story. - 他们的骨骼讲述了一个清晰的故事。
- Different environments, same result. - 不同的环境，相同的结果。
逐步跟读指南
为了提高你的英语口语能力，可以通过shadow speak方法进行跟读训练。以下是针对这段视频的具体步骤：
- 选择视频片段：首先，从视频中选取一段大约1-2分钟的内容，确保包含你所需学习的句子和表达。
- 观听准备：在YouTube上观看这一段落，注意讲述者的语调、重音和节奏。你可以使用看YouTube学英语的方式更好地理解内容。
- 分句练习：暂停视频，逐句重复讲述者的发音，确保你能够正确发出每个短语的音调和节奏。
- 记录并反复播放：利用录音工具将你的发音录下来，然后与视频中的原声进行比对。这可以帮助你发现发音和语调上的差距。
- 不断重复：每天抽出一些时间进行练习，特别是在进行雅思口语练习时，加强记忆与口语表达的流利度。
通过上述方法，你将在日常生活中自然地融入这些短语，提高你的口语能力，同时也能更好地理解古人类的生活方式所传达的深层意义。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。