跟读练习: Why Does the OCEAN Get Creepier the Deeper You Go? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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136 句
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1
The ocean covers 71% of the planet.
2
Fewer people have stood at the bottom of the ocean than have walked on the moon.
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We've mapped Mars in higher resolution than the ocean floor.
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And the reason isn't budget or interest.
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It's that space is genuinely easier to reach.
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The pressure at the bottom would crush a submarine like a tin can.
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The darkness is total.
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The cold is near freezing.
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And the things living there look like nothing that should exist on Earth.
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The ocean has five layers.
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The deeper you go, the less it resembles a place life should survive.
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The top 200 meters is the sunlight zone.
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This is the ocean you know.
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Coral reefs, dolphins, tuna, sea turtles.
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Phytoplankton here produce roughly half of all the oxygen on Earth.
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Every second breath you take came from this layer.
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Almost all marine life lives here.
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Below 200 meters, sunlight stops.
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And so does everything familiar.
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From 200 to 1000 meters is the twilight zone.
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1% of surface light reaches this depth, enough to see shapes and shadows.
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Not enough for plants.
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Pressure climbs to around 100 atmospheres and creatures start getting strange.
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This is where the Barrelife fish lives.
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Its head is completely transparent, a dome of clear fluid you can see straight through.
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Inside, two barrel-shaped eyes rotate inside its own skull, pointing upward through its forehead to spot prey silhouetted against the faint light above.
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When scientists first caught specimens in nets, they assumed the transparent heads had been damaged.
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In 2004, researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute filmed one alive and confirmed the transparency was completely natural.
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This zone also hosts the largest daily animal migration on Earth.
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Billions of creatures, fish, squid, jellyfish, rise toward the surface every night to feed, then descend at dawn.
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Every ocean, every night, simultaneously, invisible to almost everyone alive.
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At around 900 meters, the vampire squid waits.
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Despite the name, it doesn't drink blood.
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It has the largest eyes relative to body size of any animal on Earth.
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It survives in oxygen levels as low as 3% of surface concentrations, conditions lethal to almost anything else.
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When threatened, it turns itself inside out, wrapping webbed arms around its body like a cloak,
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and fires bioluminescent mucus from its arm tips as glowing decoys into the darkness.
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Below 1000 meters is the midnight zone, down to 4000 meters.
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No sunlight.
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Complete darkness.
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Pressure between 100 and 400 atmospheres.
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Temperature near freezing.
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No plants.
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The only food is marine snow.
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Dead organisms drifting down from above.
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The only consistent food source for an enormous amount of life.
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Nearly 90% of creatures here produce their own light.
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The dragonfish has a jet black body making it invisible.
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But it produces and detects red light.
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A wavelength almost nothing at this depth can see.
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Deep Sea biologist Edith Witter, who received a MacArthur Fellowship for her bioluminescence research, described it as one of the most sophisticated stealth systems in the animal kingdom.
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It hunts using a beam its prey cannot perceive.
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The goblin shark has been here unchanged for 125 million years.
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It detects electrical fields from other animals through sensors covering its snout.
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When prey is close, its jaw fires forward like a slingshot, extending 9% of its body length in milliseconds.
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It doesn't need speed, just proximity.
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Then there is the anglerfish.
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The female hangs a bioluminescent lure from her forehead in complete darkness.
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A small fish approaches, the jaws close, her body expands to swallow prey twice her size, but the mating is what stops people.
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The male bites into her skin and never lets go.
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His body fuses to hers, his organs dissolve.
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He loses his eyes, his fins, his independence, becoming a permanent reproductive attachment.
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Evolutionary biologist Theodore Peach, at the University of Washington, documented females with six fused males attached simultaneously.
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What started as a creature becomes part of another one.
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From 4,000 to 6,000 meters is the abyssal zone.
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83% of the ocean floor, the largest habitat on Earth, almost entirely unknown.
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At around 4,000 meters, the water crosses the carbonate compensation depth depth.
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Below this line, calcium carbonate dissolves so aggressively that shelled creatures virtually vanish.
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The water literally dissolves their protective armor.
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The few exceptions use specialized organic coatings or aluminium in their exoskeletons just to hold together.
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Everything else is soft, gelatinous, built from water, the only structure that survives.
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Giant isopods roam here, resembling wood lice the size of footballs.
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They endure years without food, waiting until a whale carcass sinks from above.
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They strip it to nothing, then return to stillness.
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Hydrothermal vents split open where tectonic plates pull apart, releasing water above 400 degrees Celsius.
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Around them, entire ecosystems exist with no sunlight at all.
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Tube worms two meters long.
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Ghost white crabs.
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Shrimp detecting infrared from the vents.
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These organisms convert chemicals rather than light into energy.
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Life without a sun, which quietly changes the question of where else in the universe life might exist.
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In 2024, the Ocean Census, a global initiative to catalog new deep-sea species, sent expeditions to remote Pacific ridges and trenches near New Zealand.
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What came back included a creature resembling a glowing red sea tomato with no identifiable relatives, and a new species of coral that feeds on flesh.
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These weren't found in unexplored abyss.
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They were found on the edges of the already mapped territory, which raises an obvious question about everything beyond it.
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The deeper we explore the oceans, the stranger life becomes.
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But here's the thing.
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Some of the most fascinating ecosystems on Earth are also among the most vulnerable.
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But it can feel impossible to make a difference when it comes to protecting oceans and the life inside them.
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The scale of the problem is overwhelming, and there's only so much you can do as an individual.
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But as a group, as a community, we can make a tremendous difference.
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That's one reason I like what Planet Wild is doing.
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PlantWild is a community of more than 25,000 people, including myself, funding real conservation missions around the world,
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from protecting endangered species to restoring ecosystems and safeguarding marine environments.
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Think of it like crowdfunding for nature.
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What I like is that you don't just donate and forget about it.
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Every month, members receive video updates right here on YouTube showing exactly what's happening on the ground.
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So instead of wondering whether your contribution made any difference, you actually get to see the results.
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For example, in one of their latest missions, they used a simple yet effective solution to help fight ocean plastic at the source.
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I've always been fascinated by the natural world, and the more I learn about it, the more I realize how much there is worth protecting.
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If you'd like to support real conservation work and help protect the natural world, including the oceans we're talking about today, you can give whatever amount feels right to you.
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The first 100 people using my code AXEN6 will get their first month paid for by me.
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Just scan this QR code or click the link in the description.
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After that, you can cancel any time.
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If you want to see them in action first, check out their mission video Fighting Ocean Plastic linked below.
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And now, let's go even deeper.
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Below 6,000 meters is the Hadal Zone, named after Hades, god of the underworld.
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It exists only in ocean trenches.
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The Mariana Trench reaches 10,935 meters at Challenger Deep.
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Pressure there is 1,086 bar, 8 tons per square inch.
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People assume the deep ocean is silent.
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It isn't.
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Hydrophones dropped into the Mariana Trench recorded a constant eerie acoustic environment.
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The low rumble of distant earthquakes, whale calls moaning down from miles above, the screech of shifting tectonic plates amplified by the trench walls.
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Researchers who first listened described it as sounding like a haunted house.
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The deepest place on Earth is not quiet.
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The Hadal snailfish is the deepest fish ever filmed.
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captured at 8,336 meters in a 2023 expedition led by marine biologist Alan Jameson at the University of Western Australia.
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Translucent.
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Organs visible through its skin.
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Cartilage skeleton because bone becomes brittle under this pressure.
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The apex predator of the Hadal food web.
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It looks like something biology was not supposed to produce.
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Below where snailfish survive, amphipods swarm, tiny shrimp-like creatures consuming whatever falls from the world above.
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Scientists found microplastics in their tissue.
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Even here, at nearly 11 kilometers below the surface, in the most remote place on Earth, we have already arrived.
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Researchers also found xenophiophores in Challenger Deep, single-celled organisms growing to the size of a dinner plate.
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One cell, plate-sized, in total darkness under eight tons of pressure.
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We have mapped roughly 25% of the ocean floor according to the Seabed 2030 Initiative.
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The remaining 75% is completely unmapped dark territory.
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We know more about the surface of the moon.
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And based on what the explored 25% contains, glowing creatures with no known relatives, fish that fuse their bodies together, coral that eats flesh.
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The remaining 75% has no obligation to be less strange.
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Before you go, if you enjoyed learning about the hidden world beneath the ocean, consider checking out Planet Wild.
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See them in action with their mission-fighting ocean plastic right here.
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Thanks for watching, and I'll see you in the next one.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Why Does the OCEAN Get Creepier the Deeper You Go?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：ocean, meters, creature, Earth, below。 这段视频共有 136 个句子、1538 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 9:47。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 157 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| meter 名词 | /ˈmitəɹ/ | 計量表 /计量表 |
| trench 名词 | /ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/ | 壕溝 /壕沟, 戰壕 /战壕 |
| sunlight 名词 | /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ | 陽光 /阳光, 日光 |
| prey 名词 | /pɹeɪ/ | 獵物 /猎物 |
| biologist 名词 | /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ | 生物學家 /生物学家 |
| organism 名词 | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | 生物, 有機體 /有机体 |
| resemble 动词 | /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/ | 相似 |
| ecosystem 名词 | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | 生態系 /生态系, 生態系統 /生态系统 |
| coral 名词 | /ˈkɔɹəl/ | 珊瑚 |
| glow 动词 | /ɡloʊ/ | 發光 /发光, 發亮 /发亮 |
| researcher 名词 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 研究員 /研究员, 研究者 |
| detect 动词 | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | 察覺 /察觉, 發覺 /发觉 |
| carbonate 名词 | /ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/ | 碳酸鹽 /碳酸盐 |
| dissolve 动词 | /dɪˈzɑlv/ | 解散 |
| fascinate 动词 | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | 誘惑 /诱惑, 迷住 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| check out 动词 | 退房 |
| come back 动词 | 回來 /回来, 返回 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have stood · We've mapped · has been |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | had been damaged · weren't found · were found |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 11 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, isn't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: stealth /stɛlθ/, lethal /ˈliː.θəl/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shrimp /ʃɹɪmp/, flesh /flɛʃ/, anglerfish /ˈæŋɡlɚˌfɪʃ/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: dissolve /dɪˈzɑlv/, vent /vɛnt/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: trench /ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/, sunlight /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/, biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/, carbonate /ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/, coral /ˈkɔɹəl/, brittle /ˈbɹɪtəl/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, barrel /ˈbæɹəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 meter, trench, sunlight 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。