跟读练习: Why are prices going up? 6 Minute English - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Rob.
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And I'm Beth.
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In this programme, we're talking about money.
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And Beth, as the old saying goes, money makes the world go round.
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You mean it's very important and lots of things couldn't happen without it.
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Well, we all need money.
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But have you noticed how our money doesn't seem to buy so much these days?
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Yes, I have, Beth.
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It seems like consumers, like us, are being hit in the pocket at the moment.
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And by that, I mean we have less money to spend.
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Now, I'm no economist, but I know this has a lot to do with inflation – the increase in prices of things over time.
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It's a big problem globally and Beth, my question for you is about inflation.
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According to one report, what was the annual inflation rate in Venezuela between November 2017 and 2018?
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Was it a 130% b 1,300% or c 1,300,000%?
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I'll say b 1,300%.
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OK, we'll find out if you're right later on.
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But let's talk more about money and inflation now.
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Around the world, prices of things are rising more than normal and more worrying is that prices keep going up.
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Two things in particular are increasing in price – energy, like gas and electricity, and food.
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These are things we need and depend on.
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So what's causing the rises?
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There seem to be two main reasons – the Covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine, which has reduced the supply in things we need.
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And when things are in short supply, available in limited quantities, prices go up.
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The BBC World Service programme The Real Story discussed this in much more detail.
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One expert, economist, writer and broadcaster, Linda Yu, explained how price rises could be around for a while.
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Even if you take out some of these volatile items like food and energy, the sustained price increases that we've had, it is actually getting passed through into how companies price their goods and services.
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And that's where it gets extremely worrying because that suggests that even if energy prices, food prices come down, we could have inflation now in the system.
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And I think that for advanced economies is worrying.
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For developing countries, that's hugely worrying.
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Linda Yu used some interesting language there.
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She talked about food and energy being volatile items.
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Something that's volatile is unpredictable and can change suddenly.
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And that's what we've experienced with food and energy prices.
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Yes, and she said these price increases have been sustained, so continuing at the same level for a long period of time.
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But Linda Yu says that even if energy and food prices eventually come down, companies will pass on the extra costs they've already faced by charging more for their goods and services.
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And this could cause inflation – there's that word again.
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Continuing price rises aren't good for anyone, but especially for people in developing economies – countries which have industry that's less developed and have lower living standards.
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Another possible consequence of inflation is recession.
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This economic term describes a situation where a country's production starts going down, people's incomes go down and unemployment goes up.
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This all sounds like a very bleak economic outlook.
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So what can be done?
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Well that's the million dollar question and economists are trying to work it out.
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Speaking on the Real Story programme, economist Vicky Price gave an overview of how to control inflation.
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Vicky Price, One of the things that actually is most effective is by slowing down demand.
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And if you increase interest rates, what you do is you discourage people from borrowing, whether they're individuals or whether they are businesses, and of course the economy starts slowing down.
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So, she says what is most effective – meaning what works well and gets the best results – is is slowing down demand.
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Increasing interest rates can do this because people will borrow less money.
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Interest rates are fees, banks and financial institutions charge you for borrowing money.
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And if we borrow less money, we buy fewer things, which can reduce inflation.
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I think it makes sense now.
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And if you were in Venezuela in 2018, you would really want inflation to go down, wouldn't you?
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Oh yes.
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Now earlier I asked you what one report said the inflation rate was there between November 2017 and 2018.
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And I said a very high 1,300 per cent.
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Well it was even higher, Beth.
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According to a study by the opposition-controlled National Assembly, The annual inflation rate reached 1,300,000 per cent in the 12 months to November 2018.
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This extreme financial situation was known as hyperinflation.
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That's not good at all.
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In this programme we have been talking about inflation – that's the increase in prices over time.
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Other vocabulary we used included the expression, hit in the pocket, which means you have less money to spend.
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Volatile describes something that is unpredictable and can change suddenly.
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Something that is sustained continues at the same level for a long period of time.
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And something that is effective works well and gets the best results.
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And interest rates are fees banks and financial institutions charge you for borrowing money.
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Well, we hope you found our brief lesson about the economy useful.
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Thanks for listening.
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Goodbye for now.
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Bye bye.
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From the BBC.
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关于本课
在本节课程中，学习者将通过讨论价格上涨、通货膨胀以及其经济影响的内容来练习英语。通过聆听和模仿视频中的对话，你将提高英语发音，并增强在英语口语中运用经济相关词汇的能力。此外，学习如何使用复杂的语句结构将有助于你在雅思口语练习中取得更好的成绩。
关键词汇与短语
- 通货膨胀 (inflation) - 指物价随时间上升的现象。
- 波动性商品 (volatile items) - 指不稳定且可能快速变化的商品，例如食品和能源。
- 需求 (demand) - 市场对商品或服务的需要。
- 经济衰退 (recession) - 指一个国家生产降落、收入下降和失业增加的经济状态。
- 利率 (interest rates) - 银行和金融机构借款时向借款人收取的费用。
- 消费者 (consumers) - 在市场中购买商品和服务的人。
练习技巧
在进行英语影子跟读（shadowspeak）练习时，建议你在观看视频时注意说话者的语速和语调。由于视频的对话流畅且富有信息量，你可以先选择逐句跟读，然后逐渐增加到整段的模仿。
通过模仿说话者的发音和语调，你可以有效地提高英语发音，并且对于那些准备雅思口语练习的学习者来说，这也是提升口语流利度的重要方式。在跟读时，尽量放慢速度，确保你能够准确发出每个单词的音，随着练习的深入，你可以逐渐提高语速，以适应视频中的自然对话节奏。
记得关注短语的重音和停顿，这将帮助你更好地掌握句子的节奏与语感。同时，反复聆听一些关键对话，以便在日常对话中应用这些经济相关的词汇，提升你在英语口语中的表达能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。