跟读练习: Why can't some birds fly? - Gillian Gibb - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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The Lush In the lush rainforests of Australia,
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The Lush In the lush rainforests of Australia,
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birds roost in the low branches and amble across the forest floor,
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enjoying the shade and tropical fruits.
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But the jungle isn't theirs alone.
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A dingo is prowling in the shadows,
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and fruit won't satisfy his appetite.
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The birds flee to safety,
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all but the cassowary, who can't clear the ground on her puny wings.
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Instead, she attacks, sending the dingo running for cover with one swipe of her razor-sharp toe claws.
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The cassowary is one of approximately 60 living species of flightless birds.
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These earthbound avians live all over the world,
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from the Australian outback to the African savanna to Antarctic shores.
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They include some species of duck and all species of penguin,
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secretive swamp dwellers and speedy ostriches,
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giant emus, and tiny kiwis.
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Though the common ancestor of all modern birds could fly,
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many different bird species have independently lost their flight.
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Flight can have incredible benefits,
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especially for escaping predators, hunting, and traveling long distances.
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But it also has high costs.
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It consumes huge amounts of energy and limits body size and weight.
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A bird that doesn't fly conserves energy,
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so it may be able to survive on a scarcer or less nutrient-rich food source than one that flies.
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The takahe of New Zealand,
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for example, lives almost entirely on the soft base of alpine grasses.
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For birds that nest or feed on the ground,
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this predisposition to flightlessness can be even stronger.
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When a bird species doesn't face specific pressures to fly,
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it can stop flying in as quickly as a few generations.
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Then, over thousands or millions of years,
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the birds' bodies change to match this new behavior.
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Their bones, once hollow to minimize weight, become dense.
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Their sturdy feathers turn to fluff.
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Their wings shrink and in some cases disappear entirely.
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And the keel-like protrusion on their sternums,
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where the flight muscles attach,
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shrinks or disappears, except in penguins,
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who repurpose their flight muscles and keels for swimming.
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Most often, flightlessness evolves after a bird species flies to an island where there are no predators.
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As long as these predator-free circumstances last,
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the birds thrive, but they are vulnerable to changes in their environment.
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For instance, human settlers bring dogs,
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cats, and stowaway rodents to islands.
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These animals often prey on flightless birds and can drive them to extinction.
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In New Zealand, stoats introduced by European settlers have threatened many native species of flightless bird.
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Some have gone extinct, while others are endangered.
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So in spite of the energy-saving advantages of flightlessness,
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many flightless bird species have only a short run before going the way of the dodo.
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But a few flightless birds have survived on mainlands alongside predators aplenty.
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Unlike most small flightless species that come and go quickly,
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these giants have been flightless for tens of millions of years.
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Their ancestors appeared around the same time as the first small mammals,
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and they were probably able to survive because they were evolving and growing at the same time as their mammalian predators.
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Most of these birds, like emus and ostriches,
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ballooned in size, weighing hundreds of pounds more than wings can lift.
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Their legs grew thick, their feet sturdy,
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and newly developed thigh muscles turned them into formidable runners.
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Though they no longer use them to fly,
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many of these birds repurpose their wings for other means.
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They can be spotted tucking their heads beneath them for warmth,
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flashing them at prospective mates,
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sheltering eggs with them, or even using them to steer as they charge across the plains.
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They may be flightless, but they're still winging it.
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Did you know that a brown thrasher knows a thousand songs? or that a wood thrush can sing two pitches at once?
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Find out how birds learn to sing their songs with this episode.
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背景与背景信息
在这段视频中，Gillan Gibb 探讨了一些鸟类无法飞翔的原因。她描绘了澳大利亚雨林中的生动场景，强调了这些特定生物如何在生态系统中生存。视频不仅介绍了不同种类的不会飞的鸟，例如鸸鹋和企鹅，还深入分析了飞行的代价与好处。通过了解这些，学习者可以获得丰富的词汇和句型，以便将来在日常交流中使用。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 飞行的好处：Flight can have incredible benefits.
- 能量消耗：It consumes huge amounts of energy.
- 栖息在低处：Birds roost in the low branches.
- 面临捕食者的威胁：Escape predators.
- 对环境变化的脆弱性：They are vulnerable to changes in their environment.
逐步影子跟读指南
想要提高英语口语，英语影子跟读是一个有效的方法。以下是逐步的指导，让你在观看视频时，能够充分利用shadow speak的技巧：
- 选择句子：从视频中提取出你感兴趣的句子或短语，比如“飞行的好处”。
- 聆听发音：认真听Gillan Gibb如何使用这些句子，注意语音语调。
- 对照跟读：在视频播放的过程中，模仿她的发音和语调，可以重复暂停并尝试模仿。
- 提高语速：一旦你能准确跟读，逐渐提高语速以增强流利度。
- 应用学习：在日常交流中使用这些句子，比如与朋友讨论“飞行的好处”或者“面临捕食者的威胁”。
通过这种方法，利用看YouTube学英语的方式，你不仅能够提升自己的英语口语练习能力，还能在娱乐中学习到丰富的知识，提高自己在真实生活中的语言能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。