跟读练习: Why does your voice change as you get older? - Shaylin A. Schundler - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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In the mid-16th century, Italians were captivated by a type of male singer whose incredible range contained notes previously thought impossible for adult men.
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In the mid-16th century, Italians were captivated by a type of male singer whose incredible range contained notes previously thought impossible for adult men.
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However, this gift came at a high price.
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To prevent their voices from breaking, these singers had been castrated before puberty, halting the hormonal processes that would deepen their voices.
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Known as castrati, their light, angelic voices were renowned throughout Europe, until the cruel procedure that created them was outlawed in the 1800s.
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Though stunting vocal growth can produce an extraordinary musical range, naturally developing voices are already capable of incredible variety.
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And as we age, our bodies undergo two major changes which explore that range.
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So how exactly does our voice box work, and what causes these shifts in speech?
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The specific sound of a speaking voice is the result of many anatomical variables, but it’s mostly determined by the age and health of our vocal cords and the size of our larynxes.
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The larynx is a complex system of muscle and cartilage that supports and moves the vocal cords, or, as they’re more accurately known, the vocal folds.
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Strung between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, these two muscles form an elastic curtain that opens and shuts across the trachea, the tube that carries air through the throat.
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The folds are apart when we’re breathing, but when we speak, they slam shut.
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Our lungs push air against the closed folds, blowing them open and vibrating the tissue to produce sound.
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Unlike the deliberate focus required for playing an external instrument, we effortlessly change notes as we speak.
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By pushing air faster or slower, we change the frequency and amplitude of these vibrations, which respectively translate to the pitch and volume of our voices.
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Rapid and small vibrations create high-pitched, quiet tones, while slow, large vibrations produce deep, bellowing rumbles.
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Finally, by moving the laryngeal muscles between the cartilages, we can stretch and contract those folds to intuitively play our internal instruments.
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This process is the same from your first words to your last, but as you age, your larynx ages too.
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During puberty, the first major shift starts, as your voice begins to deepen.
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This happens when your larynx grows in size, elongating the vocal folds and opening up more room for them to vibrate.
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These longer folds have slower, larger vibrations, which result in a lower baseline pitch.
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This growth is especially dramatic in many males, whose high testosterone levels lead first to voice cracks, and then to deeper, more booming voices, and laryngeal protrusions called Adam’s apples.
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Another vocal development during puberty occurs when the homogenous tissue covering the folds specializes into three distinct functional layers: a central muscle, a layer of stiff collagen wrapped in stretchy elastin fibers, and an outer layer of mucus membrane.
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These layers add nuance and depth to the voice, giving it a distinct timbre that sets it apart from its pre-pubescent tones.
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After puberty, most people’s voices remain more or less the same for about 50 years.
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But we all use our voices differently, and eventually we experience the symptoms associated with aging larynxes, known as presbyphonia.
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First, the collagen in our folds stiffens and the surrounding elastin fibers atrophy and decay.
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This decreased flexibility increases the pitch of older voices.
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But for people who have experienced the hormonal effects of menopause, the higher pitch is countered and outweighed by swollen vocal folds.
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The folds' increased mass slows their vibrations, resulting in deeper voices.
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All these symptoms are further complicated by having fewer healthy laryngeal nerve endings, which reduces precise muscle control and causes breathy or rough voices.
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Ultimately, these anatomical changes are just a few of the factors that can affect your voice.
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But when kept in good condition, your voice box is a finely tuned instrument, capable of operatic arias, moody monologues, and stirring speeches.
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关于这节课
在本节课中，学习者将练习与声音变化相关的英语表达。通过这个视频，您将了解随着年龄变化，声音是如何改变的，以及声音盒的结构和运作方式。这不仅有助于拓宽您的英语词汇，还能使您对语言的发音和音调变化有所理解。此外，您可以通过模仿视频中的发音和语调来提高您的口语能力，尤其是在进行雅思口语练习时。
关键词汇与短语
- 声音变化 (Voice change)
- 声音盒 (Voice box)
- 喉部 (Larynx)
- 声带 (Vocal cords)
- 音调 (Pitch)
- 响度 (Volume)
- 老化 (Aging)
- 合唱 (Harmony)
练习提示
为了有效提高您的英语发音能力，建议您进行英语影子跟读。您可以先听一遍视频，然后尝试跟读，注意模仿说话者的语速、音调和语调变化。视频通常较为缓慢，适合初学者进行跟读练习。尝试在听的同时，让声音与原声对齐，这样有助于加强您的发音记忆。
您可以使用shadowspeaks或shadow speak的技巧，集中在模仿声音的每一个细节，特别是在讨论声音变化的部分时，您会观察到不同的发音会影响句子的情感传达。同时，这也是一个有效的看YouTube学英语的方法，让您在实际的语境中更好地理解和利用这些表达。
记得要保持放松，并且享受这个学习过程。随着您不断练习，您的口语能力将会得到显著提升，特别是在雅思口语练习中，您的流利度和自信心也将随之增强。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。