تدريب Shadowing: BBC 6 Minute English - How Honest Are We?? - English Subtitles - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

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This is a download from BBC Learning English.
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To find out more, visit our website.
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English,
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where we bring you an interesting topic and six items of vocabulary.
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I'm Neil and joining me is Rob.
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Hello there.
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And today we've got six minutes to talk about honesty and how honest people are,
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particularly when it comes to spending money.
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So Neil, what's an honesty box?
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Well, it's where you pay for something by putting money in a box.
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But it's up to you to put in the right amount.
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A small business might use this method to take money for things like parking your car
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or buying a newspaper because it means you don't need a sales assistant.
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But that means people could take a newspaper or park their car without paying anything.
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An honesty box relies on people being honest.
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The adjective honest means truthful and not trying to cheat people.
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And the noun is honesty,
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the quality of being truthful.
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Have you ever cheated an honesty box, Rob?
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Absolutely not, I never have.
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Honestly?
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Honestly.
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And to cheat, by the way,
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means to trick or deceive someone to get something you want.
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Honesty is the best policy, as they say.
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Which, of course, leads us onto our quiz.
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The 6 Minute English quiz.
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Who said honesty is the best policy?
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Was it a Donald Trump,
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b Benjamin Franklin, or c Richard Nixon?
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Honestly Neil, everyone will know the answer to that.
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Ah, but do you know the answer to that Rob?
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Well, I'll have an honest guess.
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I think it's B.
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Benjamin Franklin.
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Well, you might be right but you might not.
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We'll find out at the end.
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I did like your use of honesty there Rob.
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We can use the adverb honestly at the beginning of a sentence to show that we're feeling irritated.
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For example, when your co-presenter picks a quiz question that's too easy.
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OK, OK.
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Let's move on now and hear from Philip Graves,
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a psychologist and author of the book Consumerology,
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who can tell us about why honesty isn't always the best policy.
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The question is not are most consumers honest,
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the question is are most people honest?
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And the answer to that is no. We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest.
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It's part of our evolutionary psychological makeup because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us,
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we have a greater chance of surviving.
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Now, what's important in that is that we also benefit from being in a social group,
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and that was important in our evolutionary past.
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So there is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest,
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so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group.
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A consumer is a person who buys things or services,
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for example, food or clothes.
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Or the use of a parking space or a taxi.
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Now, if I park my car and I don't pay for the parking space,
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I'm being dishonest, but I'm also saving money.
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And Philip Graves says being dishonest is part of our psychological make-up.
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What does that mean?
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Our psychological make-up is the way the human mind works,
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the way we think.
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And it makes sense to be dishonest if you gain an advantage through this behaviour.
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So when you take something without paying for it,
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you save money you can spend on something else.
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So why do we place such importance on being honest then,
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if we benefit from being dishonest?
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Because it's selfish behaviour, which other members of our social group won't like.
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If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time,
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the world would be a very unpleasant place.
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Selfish, meaning only caring about yourself and not about other people.
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That's a good point, Rob.
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Yes, societies work better if people behave cooperatively,
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which means working together towards shared goals.
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So, honesty really is the best policy then,
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at least most of the time.
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And now it's time for the answer to the quiz.
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Who said honesty is the best policy?
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What do you think, Rob?
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OK, well was it Benjamin Franklin?
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And that was.. the right answer!
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Maybe the question was too easy.
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Benjamin Franklin wrote it in a book of proverbs called Poor Richard's Almanac between 1732 and 1758.
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Other famous quotes include, there are no pains without gains,
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and have you something to do tomorrow?
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Do it today!
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OK, well let's follow Franklin's wise words and move right ahead with the vocabulary items we learned today.
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First up was the adjective honest,
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meaning truthful and not trying to cheat people.
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For example, Neil has a very honest face.
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OK, then there's, erm, honesty and honestly,
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the noun and adverb forms.
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For example, erm...
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Honestly, Rob, hurry up and do the second item.
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OK, OK, I'm getting there.
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To cheat means to behave dishonestly to get what you want.
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My granny always used to cheat in card games.
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It was so annoying.
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And I always used to cheat in spelling tests at school.
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How dishonest, Rob.
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OK, number three, consumer, a person who buys goods or services for their own personal use.
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For example, I am a big consumer of chocolate bars.
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That's horrible English, Rob.
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How about we asked UK consumers how much money they spent on food every month?
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OK, I agree.
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That's a better example.
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Anyway, I never consumed chocolate.
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Right, number four.
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Psychological make-up, the way our minds work.
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The way we think.
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For example, he had the psychological make-up of a serial killer.
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Urgh, that's nasty.
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Moving on.
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Selfish.
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Caring only about yourself and not other people.
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You only made yourself a cup of tea?
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That was a selfish thing to do.
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What?
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It was just an example.
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You're not selfish, Neil.
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You're actually the most cooperative person I know.
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You're happy to work with others towards a common goal.
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Ah, not selfish then.
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Never selfish.
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Always cooperative.
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And honest too.
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Great.
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Now, I honestly recommend that listeners visit our Facebook,
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Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.
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You can cooperate with other learners in your common goal of improving your English.
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Bye bye.
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Goodbye.

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المفردات والعبارات الأساسية

  • honesty - الأمانة
  • honest - صادق
  • cheat - يخدع أو يغش
  • honesty box - صندوق الأمانة
  • survive - ينجو
  • advantage - ميزة أو فائدة
  • truthful - صادق أو أمين
  • policy - سياسة

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