シャドーイング練習: BBC 6 Minute English - How Honest Are We?? - English Subtitles - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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This is a download from BBC Learning English.
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To find out more, visit our website.
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English,
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where we bring you an interesting topic and six items of vocabulary.
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I'm Neil and joining me is Rob.
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Hello there.
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And today we've got six minutes to talk about honesty and how honest people are,
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particularly when it comes to spending money.
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So Neil, what's an honesty box?
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Well, it's where you pay for something by putting money in a box.
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But it's up to you to put in the right amount.
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A small business might use this method to take money for things like parking your car
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or buying a newspaper because it means you don't need a sales assistant.
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But that means people could take a newspaper or park their car without paying anything.
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An honesty box relies on people being honest.
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The adjective honest means truthful and not trying to cheat people.
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And the noun is honesty,
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the quality of being truthful.
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Have you ever cheated an honesty box, Rob?
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Absolutely not, I never have.
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Honestly?
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Honestly.
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And to cheat, by the way,
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means to trick or deceive someone to get something you want.
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Honesty is the best policy, as they say.
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Which, of course, leads us onto our quiz.
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The 6 Minute English quiz.
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Who said honesty is the best policy?
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Was it a Donald Trump,
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b Benjamin Franklin, or c Richard Nixon?
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Honestly Neil, everyone will know the answer to that.
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Ah, but do you know the answer to that Rob?
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Well, I'll have an honest guess.
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I think it's B.
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Benjamin Franklin.
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Well, you might be right but you might not.
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We'll find out at the end.
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I did like your use of honesty there Rob.
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We can use the adverb honestly at the beginning of a sentence to show that we're feeling irritated.
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For example, when your co-presenter picks a quiz question that's too easy.
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OK, OK.
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Let's move on now and hear from Philip Graves,
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a psychologist and author of the book Consumerology,
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who can tell us about why honesty isn't always the best policy.
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The question is not are most consumers honest,
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the question is are most people honest?
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And the answer to that is no. We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest.
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It's part of our evolutionary psychological makeup because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us,
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we have a greater chance of surviving.
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Now, what's important in that is that we also benefit from being in a social group,
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and that was important in our evolutionary past.
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So there is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest,
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so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group.
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A consumer is a person who buys things or services,
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for example, food or clothes.
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Or the use of a parking space or a taxi.
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Now, if I park my car and I don't pay for the parking space,
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I'm being dishonest, but I'm also saving money.
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And Philip Graves says being dishonest is part of our psychological make-up.
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What does that mean?
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Our psychological make-up is the way the human mind works,
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the way we think.
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And it makes sense to be dishonest if you gain an advantage through this behaviour.
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So when you take something without paying for it,
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you save money you can spend on something else.
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So why do we place such importance on being honest then,
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if we benefit from being dishonest?
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Because it's selfish behaviour, which other members of our social group won't like.
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If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time,
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the world would be a very unpleasant place.
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Selfish, meaning only caring about yourself and not about other people.
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That's a good point, Rob.
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Yes, societies work better if people behave cooperatively,
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which means working together towards shared goals.
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So, honesty really is the best policy then,
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at least most of the time.
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And now it's time for the answer to the quiz.
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Who said honesty is the best policy?
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What do you think, Rob?
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OK, well was it Benjamin Franklin?
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And that was.. the right answer!
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Maybe the question was too easy.
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Benjamin Franklin wrote it in a book of proverbs called Poor Richard's Almanac between 1732 and 1758.
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Other famous quotes include, there are no pains without gains,
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and have you something to do tomorrow?
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Do it today!
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OK, well let's follow Franklin's wise words and move right ahead with the vocabulary items we learned today.
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First up was the adjective honest,
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meaning truthful and not trying to cheat people.
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For example, Neil has a very honest face.
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OK, then there's, erm, honesty and honestly,
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the noun and adverb forms.
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For example, erm...
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Honestly, Rob, hurry up and do the second item.
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OK, OK, I'm getting there.
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To cheat means to behave dishonestly to get what you want.
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My granny always used to cheat in card games.
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It was so annoying.
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And I always used to cheat in spelling tests at school.
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How dishonest, Rob.
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OK, number three, consumer, a person who buys goods or services for their own personal use.
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For example, I am a big consumer of chocolate bars.
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That's horrible English, Rob.
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How about we asked UK consumers how much money they spent on food every month?
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OK, I agree.
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That's a better example.
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Anyway, I never consumed chocolate.
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Right, number four.
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Psychological make-up, the way our minds work.
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The way we think.
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For example, he had the psychological make-up of a serial killer.
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Urgh, that's nasty.
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Moving on.
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Selfish.
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Caring only about yourself and not other people.
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You only made yourself a cup of tea?
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That was a selfish thing to do.
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What?
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It was just an example.
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You're not selfish, Neil.
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You're actually the most cooperative person I know.
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You're happy to work with others towards a common goal.
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Ah, not selfish then.
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Never selfish.
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Always cooperative.
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And honest too.
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Great.
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Now, I honestly recommend that listeners visit our Facebook,
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Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.
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You can cooperate with other learners in your common goal of improving your English.
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Bye bye.
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Goodbye.
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この動画で話す練習をする理由
このYouTubeで英語学習の動画は、誠実さについての興味深い話題を提供しています。英語スピーキング練習では、日常生活で使われる表現や語彙を学ぶことができ、特にお金を使う際の誠実さや倫理についてのディスカッションが含まれています。動画を視聴することで、話す力や聞く力を同時に向上させることができるため、英語シャドーイングやshadow speechの練習にも最適です。さらに、6分という短い時間で集中的に内容を学べるため、忙しい学習者にもぴったりです。
文法と文脈における表現
この動画で使われている重要な構文をいくつか分析してみましょう。
- "The adjective honest means truthful...": このように、形容詞の定義を説明する方法は、英語の文法を学ぶ上で非常に役立ちます。形容詞の使い方を理解することで、より豊かな表現力を持つことができます。
- "Which, of course, leads us onto our quiz...": この表現は、文と文を自然に繋げる方法を示しています。話の流れをスムーズに保つことは、英語スピーキング練習の際にも重要です。
- "Honestly, everyone will know the answer...": このように、文頭に副詞を置くことで、感情や強調を表すことができます。特に英語スピーキング練習において、感情を表現するスキルは重要です。
一般的な発音の罠
この動画の中で注意すべき発音のポイントは次の通りです。
- "honesty": 「オネスティ」と発音しがちですが、正しくは「オナーすティ（honesty）」です。この単語は会話の中で非常に重要です。
- "cheat": この言葉は「チート」と発音されますが、強調する際には「チーット」と長く発音することも覚えておきましょう。
- "policy": 正しい発音は「ポリシー」で、熟語「honesty is the best policy」をスムーズに話すためには、リズムを意識することが重要です。
これらのポイントを意識しながら、IELTSスピーキング対策や、日常会話の中での発音練習に役立ててください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。