تدريب Shadowing: Environmental Impacts Of Consumer Products - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube
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MUSIC We often don't realise it,
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but the decisions we make as consumers,
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from what products we buy to how we end up disposing of them,
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of them all affect other people in other places.
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I want to know more about the impact that the manufacturing and consumption of goods has on different environments around the world.
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Let's hear from Kathleen Griffith about the environmental impact of manufacturing.
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Countries that make consumer goods or produce the raw materials are going to be affected environmentally.
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From previous old-fashioned behaviours such as making garments
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and just basically getting rid of waste into the rivers
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or the waterways and therefore the fish die
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and the rivers might get green algae and it can all pollute people that live around those rivers,
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it really can be quite devastating.
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You would think we would have gotten better at that by now
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but if you know there's been recent media attention to the bleaching of Great Barrier Reef
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and a lot of protests about how close we're discharging stuff into
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that part of the world or that part of Australia's waterways
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and that it is having a detrimental effect on the Barrier Reef.
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Now that all comes from stuff that's being manufactured here in Australia.
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If we take an example of a country that does a lot of manufacturing,
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China, they have a a lot of trouble with pollution.
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You have to pretty much wear a mask if you're in one of the tier one cities of China.
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It is affecting people's health,
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it's reducing their life expectancy,
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and people in China in those tier one and tier two cities are very,
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very concerned about the effect of that pollution on their children.
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Sourcing raw materials and producing goods have an environmental impact in our country and around the world.
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So what can we do as consumers to help minimise this impact?
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I've been thinking about my lifestyle and the things that I buy.
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I'm buying diamond earrings for a friend.
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I can't say I know much about where they come from,
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so that's where I'll start my research.
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Diamonds are one of the most precious and sought-after stones on the planet.
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However, around 4% of the rough diamonds sold on the world market are known as blood diamonds
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because of the fact they originate from places of civil war and conflict like Sierra Leone,
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Angola and the Ivory Coast.
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These territories are often controlled by groups of rebels who sell the diamonds to pay for guns and weapons.
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The illegal diamond traders cause the deaths and displacement of millions of African people.
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The mining of diamonds has also had a severe environmental impact on several parts of Africa.
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In the Kono district of eastern Sierra Leone,
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thousands of abandoned mining pits remain filled with stagnant rainwater and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
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Wildlife has vanished from the area and what was once fertile farmland is now barren and uninhabitable.
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There's a lot of consequences of diamond mining.
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What about makeup?
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I need to look a bit deeper here.
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Sodium Laurel Palmate, I've heard of that.
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It's the scientific term for palm oil.
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Let's have a look.
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Palm oil is extracted from the fruit of the Eleus genensis species of palm,
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indigenous to West Africa.
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Because of its high resistance to oxidisation and decay,
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the oil is used in a variety of products to increase their shelf life.
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This includes everything from cosmetic products to soaps and shampoos to instant noodles and chocolate.
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The cost of the widespread use of palm oil has been massive deforestation in Malaysia
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and Indonesia where 90% of palm oil is currently produced.
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Since oil palms need high humidity and temperatures and a large amount of land,
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rainforests are regularly cleared to make way for commercial plantations,
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taking a devastating toll on local plant, animal and bird species.
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Another environmental issue is the dumping of electronic waste.
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Do you know where 70% of the electronic waste generated globally eventually ends up?
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Guayu in the Guangdong province of China,
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it's notorious for being home to the largest electronic waste dump in the world.
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Electronic and other waste is shipped to China,
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and various other parts of the world,
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including poorer countries, where environmental protection laws are weak or non-existent.
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Environmental impacts from adding heavy metals to landfill,
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or the burning of circuit boards and plastic wires,
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and washing of electronic items to recover metals, go unchecked.
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Work areas in these recycling centres are often poorly ventilated and there is no protective gear provided.
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Workers are exposed to toxic fumes from heavy metals.
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Together with hydrocarbon ashes, heavy metals are also released into the soil, water and air.
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People are feeling the effects.
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In China's Guangdong province, children have been found to have abnormally high levels of lead in their blood.
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Those are just three examples of how our use of products contributes to the environmental decline in other parts of the world.
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The good news though, is that more
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and more businesses are using sustainable practices to reduce the impact of manufacturing on the environment.
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Here's a company that specialises in sustainable packaging and recycling practices.
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Vizi processes recyclables for millions of households and businesses across Australia and New Zealand each year.
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They recover over 1.7 million tonnes of paper and cardboard,
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221,000 tonnes of glass, 92,000 tonnes of plastics and 34,000 tonnes of metals.
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Visi first started off as a manufacturer of cardboard boxes
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and is now one of the world's leading packaging and recycling companies that employs over 5,000 staff.
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We collect and process materials such as plastic,
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cardboard, paper, aluminium, steel and glass and we use this to make our own recycled and new packaging.
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Recycling and sustainability is so important at Visi as we are a manufacturer of new packaging.
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We collect and process this material which then creates a closed loop.
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This helps us reduce the need for natural resources.
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Australians spend over half a billion dollars a year on bottled water.
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We all know about putting empty plastic bottles in recycling bins,
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but what happens to them after that?
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So a plastic bottle
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that is placed into a recycling bin is collected by a dedicated recycling truck
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and that material then comes back to what we would call our MRF or our material recovery facility.
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And that is where we separate and sort all the different material types,
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whether it is glass, plastic,
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aluminium, steel, cardboard and paper.
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We use a combination of either machinery or manual hand sorters to separate this material.
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Once that material is then separated,
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is then sent away to different divisions of the business to be recycled and turned into new packaging.
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Plastic bottles are typically sorted using our optical sorting machine.
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This machine separates the three types of plastics into three separate categories.
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So it will separate our HDPE,
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our PET bottles and our mixed plastics,
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and they are then baled separately and sent off to our plant in Smithfield for reprocessing and remanufacturing.
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So once the plastic bottles arrive at our Smithfield plant in New South Wales,
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they're then ready for reprocessing.
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So the plastic bottles are flaked,
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palletised, moulded into little preforms,
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which would be the mould for the end product.
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Those preforms are then blow moulded into the final product,
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which is a plastic bottle.
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They're then ready to hit the shop shelves.
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However, up to 36% of plastic bottles aren't recycled,
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which means that hundreds of millions of bottles end up as waste every year.
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And if you don't think your personal recycling habits make much of a difference,
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then think about this.
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Statistics show that the average Australian produces two tonnes of landfill waste per year.
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So outside of always using the right bin and reusing a drink bottle or coffee cup,
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what else can we do to improve our recycling habits?
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I guess the first step is to purchase recyclable products when you're shopping.
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The other would be to make sure everyone in the household is educated on on what can
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and can't be recycled and how they should be utilising or using their bins within the home.
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Vizi is aiming for a future where everything that touches us can be recycled,
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where waste is a thing of the past,
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and we won't stop until we get there.
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Every product we use has an environmental impact,
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in some cases a devastating impact.
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It's up to us as consumers to be more aware of the wider implications of our buying decisions
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and to consider not just where our product has come from but where it's likely to end up.
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