Shadowing-Übung: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Patient’s Guide for Better Understanding - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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Hi, I'm Dr. Kenneth Taylor, Director of the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center at Piedmont, and I want to talk to you today about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder, and it results in a thickening of the heart muscle.
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There are a number of different forms of this disorder, and so we'll talk a little bit about that.
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The classic form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickening of what we call the interventricular septum.
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So the heart has four chambers, diagrammed here.
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The left ventricular chamber and the right ventricular chamber are the two pumping chambers of the heart.
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They're separated by this wall that we call the septum.
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Normally that septum is about a centimeter thick.
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In people who have particularly the obstructive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,
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There is a thickening of the septum right here underneath the
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aortic valve where the blood is trying to get out of the heart.
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And so when blood is trying to get out of the heart,
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this thickened muscle gets in the way and obstructs the blood trying to get out.
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It's kind of like if you took a hose
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and put your finger on the end of the hose and blocked it off partially, the water would squirt out of the end of the hose.
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And the reason it squirts out is that there's a pressure gradient
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or a difference in pressure from on one side of where you've put your finger to the other side.
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And that obstruction creates a gradient or a pressure gradient.
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And we can actually measure that gradient with our echo technology.
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So, for example, if you have a blood pressure that's about, let's say, 120 over 70, and you have obstruction here from the septum,
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if you measure the pressure in the chamber of the heart, the top number will be higher than that.
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So, for example, if you have a 50 millimeter gradient, for example, then the pressure inside the heart will be 170,
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whereas the blood pressure is 120.
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And that pressure gradient plays a role in the symptoms of this disease, and it's something we follow with echoes.
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The other thing that happens in people who have this thickening of the septum is
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that right next to the septum is the mitral valve.
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And the mitral valve has these cords, kind of like parachute cords.
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And when blood is accelerated through this outflow tract, it, for lack of a better word,
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sucks these cords into the outflow tract, resulting in more narrowing and more obstruction.
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And it also opens this valve and causes the valve to leak.
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or something we call mitral regurgitation.
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So we also see that in an echo, and depending on how much obstruction there is,
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if there's more obstruction, there may be more leakiness of the mitral valve.
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That also may contribute to symptoms in this disease.
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We typically treat this disease first with medicines to try to reduce how much this heart muscle thickens
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and how much it obstructs blood flow coming out of the heart.
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And we can follow that with echoes
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and with stress echoes to look at the gradient across the
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outflow tract as well as the degree of leakiness of the mitral valve.
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There are several issues that we need to talk about in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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The first one relates to the diagnosis, where in the heart muscle is thickened,
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and whether there's obstruction or not.
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And we typically look at that with an echo and often times we use MRI for better clarification of the pathology.
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So we will typically do an echo if you haven't already had one
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and we will often times do an MRI to look at what the heart muscle actually looks like
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and what the valve structure looks like.
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The next thing we like to assess is what your symptoms are like.
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and typically we will try to assess that with a stress test, either a regular treadmill or more than likely something called a stress echo.
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And with a stress echo what we do is we put you on a treadmill
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or on a bike and we look at that gradient we talked about
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and then we exercise you and see if that gradient changes with exercise.
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We also monitor your blood pressure and see how well you can do to see what kind of symptoms you might have.
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The third issue is that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at risk for certain arrhythmias.
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And those arrhythmias can be potentially dangerous.
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And in fact, there is a small population of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who are at risk for something we call sudden cardiac death,
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where they basically can have an arrhythmia and die suddenly.
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So we look for arrhythmias in a couple of different ways, one of which is with monitoring, something like a Holter monitor.
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And the other is that we have a group of colleagues called electrophysiologists who specialize in the electrical system of the heart.
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And we will typically make sure that our electrophysiologist goes through all of the information
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and has a discussion with you about your particular risks for having an arrhythmia and your risks for having sudden cardiac death.
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And the reason that's important is if your risk is found to be elevated,
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then in some population of patients with this disorder, we recommend defibrillators.
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So as far as therapy,
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we will talk about first medical therapy and then potentially the role for something we call an ICD or defibrillator.
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Lastly, if patients don't do well with medical therapy,
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occasionally we're in a position of talking about more definitive therapy to relieve obstruction.
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And there are kind of two different pathways, one of which is called septal myomectomy where a surgeon goes in
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and opens your chest and cuts out the thickened heart muscle and potentially repairs any abnormalities with the mitral valve.
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And that's been shown to significantly improve symptoms and significantly improve outcomes in patients with this disorder.
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There is an alternative called an alcohol septal ablation where we actually go in with a cath
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and find the blood vessel that feeds this particular area of the heart and inject a little alcohol and cause, for lack of a better word,
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a little heart attack, which can reduce the obstruction.
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We typically think of that as a second choice to the myomectomy
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and used mostly in patients who are felt to be not surgical candidates.
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So we call that whole category what we call septal reduction therapy.
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The vast majority of patients don't need that and can be managed medically.
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Lastly, as I mentioned, this is a genetic disease.
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And so first -degree family members need to be screened.
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And we can talk about the best way to screen them.
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Typically, family members should be screened first -degree relatives, so siblings, children, parents, with an echo and an EKG.
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And we can have a conversation about the role of genetic testing as well.
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Thank you very much for your time.
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I hope this has been helpful for your understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and I look forward to addressing any of your questions.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Patient’s Guide for Better Understanding“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: cardiomyopathy, gradient, hypertrophic, valve, pressure. Dieses Video enthält 83 Sätze und 1192 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 7:40. Der Sprecher spricht in natürlichem Tempo, etwa 155 Wörter pro Minute, ähnlich wie im Alltagsgespräch. Nur 78 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| echo Substantiv | /ˈɛk.oʊ/ | Echo, Widerhall |
| valve Substantiv | /ˈvælv/ | Ventil, Armatur |
| obstruction Substantiv | /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃən/ | Obstruktion, Verhinderung |
| muscle Substantiv | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | Muskel |
| chamber Substantiv | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | Raum, Schlafzimmer |
| symptom Substantiv | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | Symptom |
| disorder Substantiv | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | Unordnung |
| distress Substantiv | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | Bedrängnis, Elend |
| monitor Substantiv | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | Aufpasser, Wächter |
| genetic Adjektiv | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | genetisch |
| cord Substantiv | /ˈkoɹd/ | Schnur, Kordel |
| hose Substantiv | /hoʊz/ | Schlauch |
| tract Substantiv | /tɹækt/ | Gebiet |
| finger Substantiv | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | Finger |
| sudden Adjektiv | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | plötzlich, jäh |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| cut out Verb | unterlassen, aufhören |
| get out Verb | aussteigen |
| look forward to Verb | sich freuen auf |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | is accelerated · is thickened · is found |
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | you've put · haven't already had · that's been shown |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | people who have · attack, which can |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 8 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel don't, haven't, I'm. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die „th“-Laute: thick /θɪk/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: obstruction /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, definitive /dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, squirt /skwɝt/
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: valve /ˈvælv/, cord /ˈkoɹd/, hose /hoʊz/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: valve /ˈvælv/, tract /tɹækt/, cardiac /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/, lastly /ˈlæstli/, vast /væst/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie echo, valve, obstruction.
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Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.