Shadowing-Übung: IELTS Listening Podcast Ep 48 Practice Test | Luyện nghe tiếng Anh thụ động | Full Test & ASMR #ib8 - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit YouTube
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Should've filled the bath and filled with packed已經 за coloring.
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Should've filled the bath and filled with packed已經 за coloring.
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Next day, be it all red go off.
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The mess here in the consnikts this summer.
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¶¶ Part
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1. You will hear a telephone conversation between a customer and a window repair agent.
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Good morning, Clearview Glazing.
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How can I help you today?
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Hi, I'm calling because I need some urgent window repairs done at my house.
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The seals have failed, letting in a lot of cold air.
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I can certainly help you arrange a repair for that.
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It's a very common problem.
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First of all, could I take your full name, please?
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Yes, it's Mark Hemlock.
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Let me just write that down carefully.
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Is that spelt H-E-M-L-O-C-K?
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Yes, that's exactly right.
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Perfect.
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I have your name saved in our system now.
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Next, I need to know the exact location where the technician will be working.
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Could you provide your full address, please?
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Sure.
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The property is number 14, Bridge Street.
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Bridge Street.
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Understood.
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Let me just type that into our booking software so the technician can find you easily.
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And do you have the exact postcode handy for me?
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Yes, of course.
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Let me just check my letters.
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It's PA49QT.
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Great.
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I have that saved.
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Now, what material are the window frames made of?
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Are they standard PVC or perhaps aluminium?
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Well, they are quite old frames, so they're wooden.
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That's fine.
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We just use a different type of sealant for those.
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And what exactly is the issue with the seal right now?
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Is it just peeling away slightly?
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It's quite a bit worse than that.
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In the living room, the seal is completely broken.
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Oh dear, we definitely need to sort that out quickly before the weather gets any colder.
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We can send a technician out to inspect it.
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Would Wednesday suit you for a visit?
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I'm actually at the office all day on Wednesday.
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Could we do Tuesday instead?
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Yes, let me check.
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Tuesday works.
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We have a few morning slots available.
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Does 9am suit you?
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the school run right then how about 10 a.m 10 a.m
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is absolutely perfect i just need a quick contact number in
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case the technician gets stuck in heavy traffic on the way
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sure my mobile number is zero seven seven four three nine
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nine zero two excellent just out of interest how did you
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hear about our services did you search online I was originally going to look online
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but then a neighbor recommended you that's always lovely to hear
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finally do you happen to have a promotional code from our
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flyers we're running a seasonal offer yes I grabbed one off
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the leaflet the code is winter fantastic I will apply
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that discount to your final quote our technician will see you next Tuesday.
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Brilliant.
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Thanks so much for your help today.
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Bye.
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Part 2.
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You will hear the coordinator of a community seed swap giving a talk to participants.
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Hello everyone and welcome to our annual Community Seed Swap.
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I'm Sarah and I'll be your coordinator for today's event.
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We're thrilled to see so many enthusiastic gardeners here.
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Before we open the doors to the main hall,
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I'd like to run through some important details about how the day will work.
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Now, while we've occasionally asked for small donations in the past,
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the core reason we hold this event isn't to fundraise,
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nor is it merely a beginners workshop,
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but rather our main goal is to protect
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and share unusual heirloom plant types that you simply can't buy in typical garden centres.
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We've completely changed the layout of the tables this time around.
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In previous years we grouped everything by plant family,
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putting all the brassicas together and so on,
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but Based on your feedback,
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we've decided to arrange all the packets according to the time of year they should go into the ground.
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Now, for those of you who have brought your own seeds to share,
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we have a few simple guidelines.
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We don't expect you to do complex germination tests beforehand,
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and you don't need to use our official envelopes,
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but it is absolutely essential that you write the date they were gathered on the outside,
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so people know how fresh they are.
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We also have an exciting new initiative this year,
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which is our tool library,
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located just near the entrance.
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We aren't taking donations of broken spades or selling off old inventory.
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Instead, this is a system where you can check out high-value items,
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like heavy-duty rototillers for a weekend without having to purchase them yourself.
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Later this afternoon, we're hosting a fantastic guest lecture in the side room.
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You might know Dr Arras from his articles on organic pest management,
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but today he's focusing his presentation on creating nutrient-rich fertilizer from your kitchen waste right in a city apartment.
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Alright, let's move on to the specific seed varieties we have available today and my top recommendations for growing them.
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First up, we have a huge selection of heritage tomatoes.
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These are incredibly flavourful, but because of our short growing season,
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you must sow them in pots on a sunny windowsill weeks before the last frost.
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If you're looking for something reliable,
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grab a packet of our bush beans.
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They don't require any complicated trellises or special soil treatments,
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making them the absolute perfect choice if this is your very first time trying to grow vegetables.
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Don't forget to visit the flower section and pick up some marigolds.
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They aren't just for decoration.
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Planting these near your veggies is a brilliant strategy,
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because their strong scent brings in plenty of bees and ladybugs to help your garden thrive.
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We also have an abundance of winter squash seeds.
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Just a word of warning with these,
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make sure you have plenty of patience,
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as you'll be waiting many months before they are fully mature and ready to be picked.
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Finally, we have several hardy varieties of kale.
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The great thing about this leafy green is that it's tough enough to withstand a sudden drop in temperature,
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meaning a little bit of ice won't kill off your crop.
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That's everything for now.
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Enjoy the swap.
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Part 3.
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You will hear two university students,
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Lily and Mark, discussing their research methodology assignment.
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Hi, Lily.
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How is the research assignment going?
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I chose academic stress for my study.
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What about you?
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Oh, hi, Mark.
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I picked productivity as my primary variable.
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Trying to separate it from general efficiency wasn't really necessary in the end,
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as it just overcomplicates things.
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Finding reliable past studies to reference was also quite easy,
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considering the massive amount of available literature.
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But making it measurable for our specific experiment proved surprisingly difficult.
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I spent days figuring out how to quantify such a broad concept.
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Right.
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Quantifying abstract ideas is always the trickiest hurdle in the social sciences.
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To measure academic stress, I originally considered using teacher observations,
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but they are way too subjective and inconsistent across different classes.
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What about tracking physiological markers,
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like measuring heart rates or cortisol levels before major exams?
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I thought about that, but the medical equipment required is way too expensive,
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and the whole process is highly intrusive for the students.
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So I have decided to rely exclusively on self-reported questionnaires to gather my primary data.
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It is the most practical solution.
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That makes a lot of sense.
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Regarding the sample size, I was thinking that grabbing about 50 participants would be sufficient for a preliminary study.
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I strongly disagree, Lily.
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With a sample of only 50 people,
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any extreme outliers could seriously skew the statistical results.
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A significantly larger group reduces potential bias,
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which is absolutely crucial for maintaining the overall validity of the study.
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You are completely right.
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I hadn't thought about the detrimental impact of outliers enough.
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Let us definitely aim for at least 100 participants to keep the data perfectly balanced and reliable.
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Agreed.
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So where are we currently at with the overall proposal document?
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Do you think we should start drafting the methodology section today?
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Well, we actually finished the rough draft of that specific section last Wednesday in the library, remember?
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Oh yeah, my mistake.
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We probably need to consult the University Ethics Committee next to get clearance.
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We cannot do that until all our supplementary documentation is completely ready for them to review.
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The absolute immediate priority right now is designing the consent forms,
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so we have them prepared for the ethical review board.
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Good point.
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I'll start drafting those legal documents tonight.
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Moving on to designing the actual survey instrument,
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what is the standard protocol for developing that?
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Well, step one is diving into the existing literature.
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We shouldn't just invent our own random items from scratch.
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Instead, we must search for thoroughly validated scales that previous researchers have successfully implemented in similar studies.
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Okay, I'll look up established metrics on the university database tomorrow.
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Once we find those, what comes next?
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Before actually selecting the specific items to include,
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we absolutely must establish a a clear definition for our unique context,
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otherwise we run the risk of measuring the wrong psychological construct entirely.
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Right.
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Pinning down exactly what we mean.
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Once that's settled, should we send the initial survey draft straight out to the main participant group to save time?
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Definitely not.
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That would be a complete disaster.
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We have to run a small pilot test with a handful
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of our classmates first to see exactly how the instrument performs in reality.
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Ah, yes.
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That way we can see if anyone gets confused by the wording and then analyze their detailed feedback.
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Exactly.
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The primary goal of this peer review phase is to identify
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and eliminate any ambiguous phrasing that might lead to inconsistent or totally useless answers from the respondents.
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I always hate vague survey questions.
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So we fix the wording.
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Is that the final step?
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Not quite.
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Sometimes the individual wording is perfectly fine,
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but the overall layout causes participant fatigue,
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so we have to carefully adjust the sequence of the items to guarantee a smooth,
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logical flow from start to finish.
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The psychological order definitely matters a lot.
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Finally, before we launch and collect the real data,
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we must submit the completed,
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drafted version to our supervisor for ultimate approval.
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Yes, we definitely need her official green light before we proceed to the data collection phase.
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Let's get to work!
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Part 4.
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You will hear a lecturer talking about the history and science of sleep phase adaptation.
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Good morning everyone.
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Today we are going to delve into the fascinating field of sleep architecture,
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specifically focusing on the concept of sleep phase adaptation.
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To truly understand how modern humans approach sleep,
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we must first look back at our historical sleep habits.
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For thousands of years, the concept of sleeping for eight solid hours was entirely foreign.
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Prior to the Industrial Revolution,
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historical records indicate that people universally practiced a sleep pattern known as bimodal slumber.
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This meant their nightly rest was not continuous,
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but rather a distinct interval of wakefulness split their rest into two separate phases.
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During this time in the middle of the night,
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people would read, pray or socialize before returning to bed.
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So what changed this deeply ingrained biological rhythm?
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Many assume it was the invention of electricity,
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but historians point to an earlier innovation.
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It was actually the advent of gaslight that fundamentally shifted our circadian rhythms by extending the day and pushing back our bedtimes.
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With artificial illumination readily available,
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the two sleep periods gradually merged into one.
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By the late 19th century,
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medical professionals began to view this consolidated sleep pattern as the biological norm.
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In fact, early researchers documented that optimal health was erroneously equated with a single uninterrupted block of slumber.
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Anyone who woke in the night was considered to be suffering from insomnia,
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a view that persisted for decades.
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Now let us move on to modern polyphasic sleep models,
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which have gained popularity among productivity enthusiasts.
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These individuals attempt to hack their biological clocks by breaking sleep into multiple short intervals throughout the day.
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The most extreme of these schedules is the upper man cycle,
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consisting of six 20-minute naps.
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The objective here is to bypass lighter sleep stages entirely.
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The rapid eye movement or REM stage is what these extreme schedules attempt to target to maximise restorative benefits.
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However, transitioning to such a demanding schedule is fraught with biological hurdles.
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During the initial adaptation period,
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the body undergoes significant stress.
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One major challenge that practitioners fail to anticipate is that your internal body temperature drops significantly,
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causing immense discomfort, especially during the night hours.
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This physiological reaction makes it incredibly difficult to stay awake when you are supposed to be active.
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Furthermore, while proponents of polyphasic sleep claim it enhances focus and efficiency,
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clinical observations suggest otherwise.
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Over a prolonged period, rather than experiencing heightened productivity,
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what frequently emerges instead is a persistent underlying anxiety.
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This psychological strain is often the primary reason individuals abandoned the experiment and returned to a traditional monophasic schedule.
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Despite these challenges, it is important to note that certain groups have successfully utilised split sleep schedules for generations.
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These aren't productivity hackers, but individuals constrained by their environment or occupation.
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For example, those navigating the oceans,
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specifically sailors, have relied on broken sleep for centuries out of sheer necessity.
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They must constantly monitor the weather and adjust the sails,
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making an unbroken eight-hour rest impossible.
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Let us examine some recent clinical findings from a study conducted at the Sleep Research Institute last year.
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Researchers observed 30 volunteers attempting a biphasic sleep schedule over a three-month period.
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The cognitive tests revealed some alarming trends.
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Most notably, while reaction times remained relatively stable,
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the consolidation of newly formed memories was notably impaired among the test group.
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This suggests that deep continuous sleep is essential for transferring information into long-term storage.
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Interestingly, the study was not entirely negative.
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There was one unexpected benefit reported by the participants.
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During the early morning hours,
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immediately following their first sleep phase,
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there was an undeniable, albeit short-lived, surge in creativity.
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Many participants used this window to engage in artistic pursuits or problem-solving tasks with remarkable success.
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In conclusion, what can we take away from this research?
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While experimenting with sleep phases might offer brief periods of enhanced divergent thinking,
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it is not a sustainable model for the average person.
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Ultimately, sleep experts overwhelmingly conclude that for long-term physiological and psychological well-being,
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consistency in your daily routine is far more critical than the total duration of rest you manage to accumulate.
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Going to bed and waking up at the exact same time every day remains the gold standard for sleep hygiene.
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