Shadowing-Übung: We can cure almost all human diseases. Here’s how. | Albert-László Barabási - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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about 20 years ago we had a massive breakthrough in medicine which is the human genome project
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the u .s president went out and announced in front of reporters
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that we have the map of life with this profound new
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knowledge humankind is on the verge of gaining immense new power to heal.
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Genome science will have a real impact on all our lives.
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From my perspective, what we got is a phone book.
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We just got the list of the genes that are in our cells.
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But having a phone book of a city is not enough for you to understand how the city works.
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Having the list of the streets of the city is not
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enough for you to find your way from A to B you need a map.
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You need to know how the streets connect to each other.
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Network medicine aims to fill in that gap.
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Network medicine has really developed in the last 15 years the
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tools to look at the network within the cell to map out the interactions
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and to use that map to really design new type of cures, new type of drugs and new type of diagnostics.
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With the arrival of the Human Genome Project we started to discover disease genes.
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Typically these genes have mutations that as a result the protein that the gene generates cannot do what it normally does.
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Hence an interaction will be missing in the subcellular network and
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when it's unable to bind it is like a screw not going into the hole where it needs to go,
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and hence the machine is not able to work.
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How do you cure a problem like that?
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And traditionally, what we do today is that we just add you lots of other screws.
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The problem we have in a network environment that every time I intervene, I also affect other processes that I may not want to affect.
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And those are typically manifesting side effects of drugs or treatments.
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One of the distinguishing features of complex systems is that they seem to be robust to lots of different kind of failures.
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As I'm talking to you, there are millions of errors within my cells that I don't even notice.
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Somehow, molecules don't arrive at the right time, a protein is not being produced when it should be produced, and yet I don't notice it.
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I can carry on this conversation.
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So the question is, how can the cell carry on its functions?
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There are millions of errors within that.
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That is fundamentally a robustness question that we started to ask around 2000.
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And what we realized is that
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if you just randomly pick a large number of nodes in a scale -free network and you remove them,
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the rest of the networks will be able to communicate with each other.
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You can remove 95 % of the nodes randomly, and the remaining 5 % will still be able to talk to each other.
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But there's a price for it.
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Because scale -free networks rely so much on the hubs to maintain their connectivity, if you remove only a few of the major hubs,
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the network will break into tiny pieces.
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This is what we call the Achilles heel of networks, that they are very robust to random failures, but at the same time,
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they're very fragile to attacks.
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So if we understand well the structure of the network within our cell, not only we can understand the source of its robustness,
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but we can use it for therapeutic advantages.
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In reality, we would like to do minimal interventions, right?
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So the more I know about the network,
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the more precise I can be that my intervention is only curing the problem and not causing other ones.
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That's what really the next level of personalized medicine will come
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from where i can look at not only at your genome
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but i can also map out the interactions within the cell between the molecules
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and then look at the lack of interaction and say
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that lack of interaction is the source of the potential disease
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that you may get and how i'm going to use an intervention to bypass
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that lack of interaction and how could i cure that disease
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we have to reform the way we think about medicine currently
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if you have a disease you go to a separate hospital depending on what tissue and what organ you have the disease.
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You go to neurologists to treat brain disease.
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You go to cardiologists to treat heart disease.
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But in each of your cells, you have the same genome and you have the same underlying network.
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And really, a mutation that is in your heart is not only in your heart, it's in your brain and it's in your toe as well.
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And in that sense, sooner or later, the cardiologists and the neurologists will have to be replaced by a net for colleges.
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What I'm hoping is that 10 or 20 years from now,
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my doctor will show me a network diagram in which he or she will show where I have my mutations,
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how they will affect the rest of my cell, and where and how will intervene to stop the impact of those mutations.
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If we succeed in this path, we may arrive to the point that we have cured the most diseases.
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Thank you.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „We can cure almost all human diseases. Here’s how“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: network, disease, cell, interaction, genome. Dieses Video enthält 41 Sätze und 891 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 5:12. Der Sprecher spricht in natürlichem Tempo, etwa 171 Wörter pro Minute, ähnlich wie im Alltagsgespräch. 84 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| interaction Substantiv | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | Interaktion, Wechselwirkung |
| cure Verb | /kjɔː/ | kurieren, heilen |
| genome Substantiv | /ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/ | Genom |
| gene Substantiv | /d͡ʒiːn/ | Gen |
| mutation Substantiv | /mjuˈteɪʃən/ | Mutation |
| intervention Substantiv | /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ | Intervention, Eingriff |
| arrive Verb | /əˈɹaɪv/ | ankommen, einlangen |
| hence Adverb | /ˈhɛns/ | von hier, fort |
| hub Substantiv | /hʌb/ | Nabe, Radnabe |
| randomly Adverb | /ˈɹændm̩li/ | zufällig |
| robust Adjektiv | /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ | robust, widerstandsfähig |
| molecule Substantiv | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | Molekül |
| intervene Verb | /ˌɪntəˈviːn/ | eingreifen, einschreiten |
| arrival Substantiv | /əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/ | Ankunft, Eintreffen |
| discover Verb | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | entdecken |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| go out Verb | hinausgehen, herausgehen |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | has really developed · have cured |
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | being produced · be replaced |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 9 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel don't, I'm, gonna. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die „th“-Laute: therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, hub /hʌb/, node /noʊd/, succeed /səkˈsiːd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, randomly /ˈɹændm̩li/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, diagram /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/, bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/
- /dʒ/ — stimmhaft, nicht „tsch“: genome /ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/, gene /d͡ʒiːn/, generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie interaction, cure, genome.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.