Shadowing-Übung: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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I'm against empathy.
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I'm not against empathy for everything.
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I think empathy is a lot of fun when you're watching a movie, empathy for a fictional character.
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I think empathy is an important part of all sorts of exciting activities, but I'm against empathy as a moral guide.
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I think we could do better.
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The sense of empathy I'm most interested in is when you, in a sense, put yourself in another person's shoes and feel what they feel.
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Psychologists call this emotional empathy.
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A lot of people think this is core to being a good person.
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A few years ago I wrote a book called Against Empathy, The Case for Rational Compassion.
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And I argued this form of empathy, though it might seem wonderful, is actually a very poor moral guide.
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Who do you feel empathy for?
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Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
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Well, we know the answer this from study after study after study
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we naturally feel empathy for people who look like us who speak our language who we feel are safe
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and because of that empathy is of all of the human feelings perhaps the most bias and parochial
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when you put a book out the title against empathy you gotta expect a certain amount of blowback
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and a lot of people responded to me with their own experiences in our own arguments.
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Sometimes people agreed with me, sometimes they argued against me.
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So one argument against the purpose of my book is although empathy could have negative effects, could be bias, could provoke us into violence,
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could cause all sorts of trouble, it also could have good effects and I can see this in my book.
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And so some people have said look if you add it all up the positive benefits of empathy outweigh the negative.
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I'm not always convinced about that sort of math but even
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if it were true we have moral capacities that are better than empathy
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another objection is that empathy whatever you think of its role
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when it comes to war and charity and broad moral decisions is a necessary part of an intimate relationship
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one philosopher in a critique of me said my wife comes in and she's mad at somebody at work
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It's all well and good for me to say, I love you very much, and I understand where you're coming from.
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But isn't what she wants me to share her anger, get angry with her?
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And my response to that is, it's kind of right.
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I don't deny that.
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There are cases where what we look for in a relationship with others is that sort of shared feeling.
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You're mad.
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You want me to be mad too.
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My critical response is, there's all sorts of cases where that's not what we want.
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My favorite example here is anxiety.
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I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.
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I'm stressed out.
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Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
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To look at me and say, oh my God, it's horrible.
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Yeah, it's horrible.
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No. I want her to be calm.
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I want her to say, I love you.
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Calm down.
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Let me tell you how to think it differently.
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Sometimes what we want from people isn't a mirror of us.
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It's rather another intelligent, caring, loving person responding to us as a distinct being
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and working to make our life better
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and I think sometimes empathy is exactly what we do not want now
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if I'm gonna say this I have to come up with something
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that will replace empathy I'm not saying we should give up on morality
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so my book is called against empathy
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but the subtitle of my book is the case for rational compassion
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and therein lies the substitute I think and the substitute has two parts one is rationality if I'm going to help somebody,
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I have to know what's the best way to help them.
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Sometimes what might seem to be the best way to help them simply makes things worse.
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Sometimes figuring out what to do to make the world a better place is an extraordinarily difficult task, too big for one brain,
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and we do our best when as communities we work together to think about that.
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So that's rationality.
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Rationality itself is great at pursuing ends, but it doesn't provide ends.
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It doesn't provide goals.
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What you need is compassion.
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You need to care.
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So what I argue in the book is that our best decisions, our fairest, our most equitable ones,
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are done through a combination of a rational judgment of how does one make the world a better place,
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plus compassion, love, caring, but not the sort of love and caring that requires you put yourself in another person's shoes.
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Even if empathy is unbalanced, has a positive effect, compassion does better.
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If we could reconfigure our moral attitudes to be less biased, less parochial, more with our head and less with our heart, we would do better.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „Why I’m against empathy“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: empathy, compassion, moral, rationality, biased. Dieses Video enthält 39 Sätze und 847 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 4:38. Der Sprecher spricht schnell, etwa 183 Wörter pro Minute – rechne mit verbundenen und verkürzten Lauten. 82 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| empathy Substantiv | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | Empathie, Einfühlung |
| moral Adjektiv | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moralisch |
| compassion Substantiv | /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ | Mitleid, Erbarmen |
| argue Verb | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | diskutieren, erörtern |
| shoe Substantiv | /ˈʃu/ | Schuh, Lackschuh |
| bias Substantiv | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | Voreingenommenheit, Neigung |
| rational Adjektiv | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | vernünftig, sinnvoll |
| naturally Adverb | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | natürlich |
| anxiety Substantiv | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | Unbehagen, Nervosität |
| horrible Adjektiv | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | schrecklich, abscheulich |
| substitute Substantiv | /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/ | Ersatz |
| mirror Substantiv | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | Spiegel |
| charity Substantiv | /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ | Wohltätigkeitsorganisation, Charity |
| anger Substantiv | /ˈæŋɡə/ | Ärger, Zorn |
| deny Verb | /dəˈnaɪ/ | leugnen, bestreiten |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| calm down Verb | sich beruhigen |
| come up with Verb | ausdenken |
| figure out Verb | herausfinden |
| stress out Verb | stressen |
Sätze zum Wiederholen
Kurze, vollständige Sätze aus dem Video, die du im Alltag wiederverwenden kannst:
- Who do you feel empathy for?
- Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
- You're mad, you want me to be mad too.
- Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 20 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel I'm, you're, doesn't. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die „th“-Laute: empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, shoe /ˈʃu/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): equitable /ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/, outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, charity /ˈtʃæɹɪti/
- /dʒ/ — stimmhaft, nicht „tsch“: intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, objection /əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie empathy, moral, compassion.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.