跟讀練習: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - 通過影片學習英語口語

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I'm against empathy.

I'm not against empathy for everything.

I think empathy is a lot of fun when you're watching a movie, empathy for a fictional character.

I think empathy is an important part of all sorts of exciting activities, but I'm against empathy as a moral guide.

I think we could do better.

The sense of empathy I'm most interested in is when you, in a sense, put yourself in another person's shoes and feel what they feel.

Psychologists call this emotional empathy.

A lot of people think this is core to being a good person.

A few years ago I wrote a book called Against Empathy, The Case for Rational Compassion.

And I argued this form of empathy, though it might seem wonderful, is actually a very poor moral guide.

Who do you feel empathy for?

Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?

Well, we know the answer this from study after study after study

we naturally feel empathy for people who look like us who speak our language who we feel are safe

and because of that empathy is of all of the human feelings perhaps the most bias and parochial

when you put a book out the title against empathy you gotta expect a certain amount of blowback

and a lot of people responded to me with their own experiences in our own arguments.

Sometimes people agreed with me, sometimes they argued against me.

So one argument against the purpose of my book is although empathy could have negative effects, could be bias, could provoke us into violence,

could cause all sorts of trouble, it also could have good effects and I can see this in my book.

And so some people have said look if you add it all up the positive benefits of empathy outweigh the negative.

I'm not always convinced about that sort of math but even

if it were true we have moral capacities that are better than empathy

another objection is that empathy whatever you think of its role

when it comes to war and charity and broad moral decisions is a necessary part of an intimate relationship

one philosopher in a critique of me said my wife comes in and she's mad at somebody at work

It's all well and good for me to say, I love you very much, and I understand where you're coming from.

But isn't what she wants me to share her anger, get angry with her?

And my response to that is, it's kind of right.

I don't deny that.

There are cases where what we look for in a relationship with others is that sort of shared feeling.

You're mad.

You want me to be mad too.

My critical response is, there's all sorts of cases where that's not what we want.

My favorite example here is anxiety.

I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.

I'm stressed out.

Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?

To look at me and say, oh my God, it's horrible.

Yeah, it's horrible.

No. I want her to be calm.

I want her to say, I love you.

Calm down.

Let me tell you how to think it differently.

Sometimes what we want from people isn't a mirror of us.

It's rather another intelligent, caring, loving person responding to us as a distinct being

and working to make our life better

and I think sometimes empathy is exactly what we do not want now

if I'm gonna say this I have to come up with something

that will replace empathy I'm not saying we should give up on morality

so my book is called against empathy

but the subtitle of my book is the case for rational compassion

and therein lies the substitute I think and the substitute has two parts one is rationality if I'm going to help somebody,

I have to know what's the best way to help them.

Sometimes what might seem to be the best way to help them simply makes things worse.

Sometimes figuring out what to do to make the world a better place is an extraordinarily difficult task, too big for one brain,

and we do our best when as communities we work together to think about that.

So that's rationality.

Rationality itself is great at pursuing ends, but it doesn't provide ends.

It doesn't provide goals.

What you need is compassion.

You need to care.

So what I argue in the book is that our best decisions, our fairest, our most equitable ones,

are done through a combination of a rational judgment of how does one make the world a better place,

plus compassion, love, caring, but not the sort of love and caring that requires you put yourself in another person's shoes.

Even if empathy is unbalanced, has a positive effect, compassion does better.

If we could reconfigure our moral attitudes to be less biased, less parochial, more with our head and less with our heart, we would do better.

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FOR YOU

本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Why I’m against empathy”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：empathy, compassion, moral, rationality, biased。這段影片共有 39 個句子、847 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:38。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 183 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
empathy 名詞	/ˈɛmpəθi/	移情, 同感
moral 形容詞	/ˈmoɹəl/	道德的
compassion 名詞	/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/	同情, 愛心 /愛心
argue 動詞	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	辯論 /辯論, 爭辯 /爭辯
shoe 名詞	/ˈʃu/	鞋子, 鞋
bias 名詞	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	偏見 /偏見
rational 形容詞	/ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/	合理的, 理性的
anxiety 名詞	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	焦慮 /焦慮, 擔心
horrible 形容詞	/ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/	可怕的, 可畏
mirror 名詞	/ˈmiɹɚ/	җинзы, 鏡 /鏡
charity 名詞	/ˈtʃæɹɪti/	慈善機構 /慈善機構
anger 名詞	/ˈæŋɡə/	發怒 /發怒, 忿怒
deny 動詞	/dəˈnaɪ/	否認 /否認, 否定
distinct 形容詞	/dɪˈstɪŋkt/	明顯 /明顯, 清晰
intelligent 形容詞	/ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/	聰明 /聰明, 聰慧 /聰慧

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
calm down 動詞	冷靜下來 /冷靜下來, 平靜下來 /平靜下來
come up with 動詞	想出, 提出
figure out 動詞	弄清楚

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

Who do you feel empathy for?
Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
You're mad, you want me to be mad too.
Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 20 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, you're, doesn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, shoe /ˈʃu/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
長單詞——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: convince /kənˈvɪns/, provoke /pɹəˈvəʊk/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/, substitute /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/, distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: moral /ˈmoɹəl/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 empathy, moral, compassion 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中出現的短語動詞

值得反覆跟讀的句子

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？