Pratique du Shadowing: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
67 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
I'm against empathy.
2
I'm not against empathy for everything.
3
I think empathy is a lot of fun when you're watching a movie, empathy for a fictional character.
4
I think empathy is an important part of all sorts of exciting activities, but I'm against empathy as a moral guide.
5
I think we could do better.
6
The sense of empathy I'm most interested in is when you, in a sense, put yourself in another person's shoes and feel what they feel.
7
Psychologists call this emotional empathy.
8
A lot of people think this is core to being a good person.
9
A few years ago I wrote a book called Against Empathy, The Case for Rational Compassion.
10
And I argued this form of empathy, though it might seem wonderful, is actually a very poor moral guide.
11
Who do you feel empathy for?
12
Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
13
Well, we know the answer this from study after study after study
14
we naturally feel empathy for people who look like us who speak our language who we feel are safe
15
and because of that empathy is of all of the human feelings perhaps the most bias and parochial
16
when you put a book out the title against empathy you gotta expect a certain amount of blowback
17
and a lot of people responded to me with their own experiences in our own arguments.
18
Sometimes people agreed with me, sometimes they argued against me.
19
So one argument against the purpose of my book is although empathy could have negative effects, could be bias, could provoke us into violence,
20
could cause all sorts of trouble, it also could have good effects and I can see this in my book.
21
And so some people have said look if you add it all up the positive benefits of empathy outweigh the negative.
22
I'm not always convinced about that sort of math but even
23
if it were true we have moral capacities that are better than empathy
24
another objection is that empathy whatever you think of its role
25
when it comes to war and charity and broad moral decisions is a necessary part of an intimate relationship
26
one philosopher in a critique of me said my wife comes in and she's mad at somebody at work
27
It's all well and good for me to say, I love you very much, and I understand where you're coming from.
28
But isn't what she wants me to share her anger, get angry with her?
29
And my response to that is, it's kind of right.
30
I don't deny that.
31
There are cases where what we look for in a relationship with others is that sort of shared feeling.
32
You're mad.
33
You want me to be mad too.
34
My critical response is, there's all sorts of cases where that's not what we want.
35
My favorite example here is anxiety.
36
I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.
37
I'm stressed out.
38
Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
39
To look at me and say, oh my God, it's horrible.
40
Yeah, it's horrible.
41
No. I want her to be calm.
42
I want her to say, I love you.
43
Calm down.
44
Let me tell you how to think it differently.
45
Sometimes what we want from people isn't a mirror of us.
46
It's rather another intelligent, caring, loving person responding to us as a distinct being
47
and working to make our life better
48
and I think sometimes empathy is exactly what we do not want now
49
if I'm gonna say this I have to come up with something
50
that will replace empathy I'm not saying we should give up on morality
51
so my book is called against empathy
52
but the subtitle of my book is the case for rational compassion
53
and therein lies the substitute I think and the substitute has two parts one is rationality if I'm going to help somebody,
54
I have to know what's the best way to help them.
55
Sometimes what might seem to be the best way to help them simply makes things worse.
56
Sometimes figuring out what to do to make the world a better place is an extraordinarily difficult task, too big for one brain,
57
and we do our best when as communities we work together to think about that.
58
So that's rationality.
59
Rationality itself is great at pursuing ends, but it doesn't provide ends.
60
It doesn't provide goals.
61
What you need is compassion.
62
You need to care.
63
So what I argue in the book is that our best decisions, our fairest, our most equitable ones,
64
are done through a combination of a rational judgment of how does one make the world a better place,
65
plus compassion, love, caring, but not the sort of love and caring that requires you put yourself in another person's shoes.
66
Even if empathy is unbalanced, has a positive effect, compassion does better.
67
If we could reconfigure our moral attitudes to be less biased, less parochial, more with our head and less with our heart, we would do better.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
📺 Même chaîne
C14
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Would a society based on genetics be… good? | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Is success genetic? | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C117
Why successful people set habits, not just goals | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why schools of the future will be designed with geneticists | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
The lost art of accomplishment without burnout | Cal Newport for Big Think +
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C177
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full Interview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
Your genes affect your education. Here’s why that’s controversial. | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
Hit peak performance with the power of habit | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Why softness beats stress | Giulia Enders
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
Your brain wasn't built to hold this much information | Richard Cytowic
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C120
Harvard negotiator explains how to argue | Dan Shapiro
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
Curiosity Is a Superpower — If You Have the Courage to Use It | Big Think
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
Physicist Brian Cox explains quantum physics in 22 minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Vidéo recommandée
C11
607 phrases
Every Argument For Atheism
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
55 phrases
When AIs act emotional
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
259 phrases
Talk Back: Why Arguing With Yourself Can Help You Flourish
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1183 phrases
Will the Good of the Other – Bishop Barron's Sunday Sermon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
93 phrases
Psychology Of People Who Hate Themselves (But Kind To Others)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
166 phrases
Gen Z's Morality Crisis
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
593 phrases
The Dark Psychology of Value: Force Others to Respect - Alain de Botton
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
150 phrases
Why We Can't Save Those We Love
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
85 phrases
AI Will End Philosophy, Physicist Claims
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
68 phrases
The positive effects of positive emotions
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why I’m against empathy ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : empathy, compassion, moral, rationality, biased. Cette vidéo contient 39 phrases et 847 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:38. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 183 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| empathy nom | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | empathie |
| moral adjectif | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moral |
| compassion nom | /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ | compassion |
| argue verbe | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | affirmer, débattre |
| shoe nom | /ˈʃu/ | chaussure, soulier |
| bias nom | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | préjugé, parti-pris |
| rational adjectif | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | rationnel, rationnelle |
| naturally adverbe | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | naturellement |
| anxiety nom | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | anxiété, inquiétude |
| horrible adjectif | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | horrible, affreux |
| substitute nom | /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/ | remplaçant, substitut |
| mirror nom | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | glace, miroir |
| charity nom | /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ | charité |
| anger nom | /ˈæŋɡə/ | colère, ire |
| deny verbe | /dəˈnaɪ/ | nier, démentir |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| calm down verbe | se calmer, s'apaiser |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| stress out verbe | stresser |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Who do you feel empathy for?
- Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
- You're mad, you want me to be mad too.
- Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 20 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, you're, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, shoe /ˈʃu/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, substitute /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/, charity /ˈtʃæɹɪti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: moral /ˈmoɹəl/, argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme empathy, moral, compassion.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.