Shadowing Practice: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - Learn English Speaking with Video
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67 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
I'm against empathy.
2
I'm not against empathy for everything.
3
I think empathy is a lot of fun when you're watching a movie, empathy for a fictional character.
4
I think empathy is an important part of all sorts of exciting activities, but I'm against empathy as a moral guide.
5
I think we could do better.
6
The sense of empathy I'm most interested in is when you, in a sense, put yourself in another person's shoes and feel what they feel.
7
Psychologists call this emotional empathy.
8
A lot of people think this is core to being a good person.
9
A few years ago I wrote a book called Against Empathy, The Case for Rational Compassion.
10
And I argued this form of empathy, though it might seem wonderful, is actually a very poor moral guide.
11
Who do you feel empathy for?
12
Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
13
Well, we know the answer this from study after study after study
14
we naturally feel empathy for people who look like us who speak our language who we feel are safe
15
and because of that empathy is of all of the human feelings perhaps the most bias and parochial
16
when you put a book out the title against empathy you gotta expect a certain amount of blowback
17
and a lot of people responded to me with their own experiences in our own arguments.
18
Sometimes people agreed with me, sometimes they argued against me.
19
So one argument against the purpose of my book is although empathy could have negative effects, could be bias, could provoke us into violence,
20
could cause all sorts of trouble, it also could have good effects and I can see this in my book.
21
And so some people have said look if you add it all up the positive benefits of empathy outweigh the negative.
22
I'm not always convinced about that sort of math but even
23
if it were true we have moral capacities that are better than empathy
24
another objection is that empathy whatever you think of its role
25
when it comes to war and charity and broad moral decisions is a necessary part of an intimate relationship
26
one philosopher in a critique of me said my wife comes in and she's mad at somebody at work
27
It's all well and good for me to say, I love you very much, and I understand where you're coming from.
28
But isn't what she wants me to share her anger, get angry with her?
29
And my response to that is, it's kind of right.
30
I don't deny that.
31
There are cases where what we look for in a relationship with others is that sort of shared feeling.
32
You're mad.
33
You want me to be mad too.
34
My critical response is, there's all sorts of cases where that's not what we want.
35
My favorite example here is anxiety.
36
I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.
37
I'm stressed out.
38
Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
39
To look at me and say, oh my God, it's horrible.
40
Yeah, it's horrible.
41
No. I want her to be calm.
42
I want her to say, I love you.
43
Calm down.
44
Let me tell you how to think it differently.
45
Sometimes what we want from people isn't a mirror of us.
46
It's rather another intelligent, caring, loving person responding to us as a distinct being
47
and working to make our life better
48
and I think sometimes empathy is exactly what we do not want now
49
if I'm gonna say this I have to come up with something
50
that will replace empathy I'm not saying we should give up on morality
51
so my book is called against empathy
52
but the subtitle of my book is the case for rational compassion
53
and therein lies the substitute I think and the substitute has two parts one is rationality if I'm going to help somebody,
54
I have to know what's the best way to help them.
55
Sometimes what might seem to be the best way to help them simply makes things worse.
56
Sometimes figuring out what to do to make the world a better place is an extraordinarily difficult task, too big for one brain,
57
and we do our best when as communities we work together to think about that.
58
So that's rationality.
59
Rationality itself is great at pursuing ends, but it doesn't provide ends.
60
It doesn't provide goals.
61
What you need is compassion.
62
You need to care.
63
So what I argue in the book is that our best decisions, our fairest, our most equitable ones,
64
are done through a combination of a rational judgment of how does one make the world a better place,
65
plus compassion, love, caring, but not the sort of love and caring that requires you put yourself in another person's shoes.
66
Even if empathy is unbalanced, has a positive effect, compassion does better.
67
If we could reconfigure our moral attitudes to be less biased, less parochial, more with our head and less with our heart, we would do better.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Why I’m against empathy”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: empathy, compassion, moral, rationality, rational. בסרטון הזה יש 67 משפטים ו-841 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 4:38. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-182 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 82% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
9 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| empathy שם עצם | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | אֶמְפַּתְיָה |
| compassion שם עצם | /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ | רַחֲמִים, חֶמְלָה |
| excite פועל | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | הלהיב, עורר |
| provoke פועל | /pɹəˈvəʊk/ | הִתְגָּרָה |
| subtitle שם עצם | /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ | כּוֹתֶרֶת מִשְׁנֶה |
| philosopher שם עצם | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | פִילוֹסוֹף, הוֹגֵה דֵּעוֹת |
| objection שם עצם | /əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ | הִתנַגְדוּת |
| psychologist שם עצם | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | פְּסִיכוֹלוֹג, פסיכולוגית |
| critic שם עצם | /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ | מְבַקֵּר, מְבַקֶּרֶת |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| calm down פועל | נרגע |
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- I'm not against empathy for everything.
- Who do you feel empathy for?
- Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
- I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.
- Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-20 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, you're, doesn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, objection /əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: equitable /ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: equitable /ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/, outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, blowback /ˈbloʊˌbæk/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, provoke /pɹəˈvəʊk/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/, critic /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו empathy, compassion, excite.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.