Практика Shadowing: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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I'm against empathy.

I'm not against empathy for everything.

I think empathy is a lot of fun when you're watching a movie, empathy for a fictional character.

I think empathy is an important part of all sorts of exciting activities, but I'm against empathy as a moral guide.

I think we could do better.

The sense of empathy I'm most interested in is when you, in a sense, put yourself in another person's shoes and feel what they feel.

Psychologists call this emotional empathy.

A lot of people think this is core to being a good person.

A few years ago I wrote a book called Against Empathy, The Case for Rational Compassion.

And I argued this form of empathy, though it might seem wonderful, is actually a very poor moral guide.

Who do you feel empathy for?

Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?

Well, we know the answer this from study after study after study

we naturally feel empathy for people who look like us who speak our language who we feel are safe

and because of that empathy is of all of the human feelings perhaps the most bias and parochial

when you put a book out the title against empathy you gotta expect a certain amount of blowback

and a lot of people responded to me with their own experiences in our own arguments.

Sometimes people agreed with me, sometimes they argued against me.

So one argument against the purpose of my book is although empathy could have negative effects, could be bias, could provoke us into violence,

could cause all sorts of trouble, it also could have good effects and I can see this in my book.

And so some people have said look if you add it all up the positive benefits of empathy outweigh the negative.

I'm not always convinced about that sort of math but even

if it were true we have moral capacities that are better than empathy

another objection is that empathy whatever you think of its role

when it comes to war and charity and broad moral decisions is a necessary part of an intimate relationship

one philosopher in a critique of me said my wife comes in and she's mad at somebody at work

It's all well and good for me to say, I love you very much, and I understand where you're coming from.

But isn't what she wants me to share her anger, get angry with her?

And my response to that is, it's kind of right.

I don't deny that.

There are cases where what we look for in a relationship with others is that sort of shared feeling.

You're mad.

You want me to be mad too.

My critical response is, there's all sorts of cases where that's not what we want.

My favorite example here is anxiety.

I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.

I'm stressed out.

Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?

To look at me and say, oh my God, it's horrible.

Yeah, it's horrible.

No. I want her to be calm.

I want her to say, I love you.

Calm down.

Let me tell you how to think it differently.

Sometimes what we want from people isn't a mirror of us.

It's rather another intelligent, caring, loving person responding to us as a distinct being

and working to make our life better

and I think sometimes empathy is exactly what we do not want now

if I'm gonna say this I have to come up with something

that will replace empathy I'm not saying we should give up on morality

so my book is called against empathy

but the subtitle of my book is the case for rational compassion

and therein lies the substitute I think and the substitute has two parts one is rationality if I'm going to help somebody,

I have to know what's the best way to help them.

Sometimes what might seem to be the best way to help them simply makes things worse.

Sometimes figuring out what to do to make the world a better place is an extraordinarily difficult task, too big for one brain,

and we do our best when as communities we work together to think about that.

So that's rationality.

Rationality itself is great at pursuing ends, but it doesn't provide ends.

It doesn't provide goals.

What you need is compassion.

You need to care.

So what I argue in the book is that our best decisions, our fairest, our most equitable ones,

are done through a combination of a rational judgment of how does one make the world a better place,

plus compassion, love, caring, but not the sort of love and caring that requires you put yourself in another person's shoes.

Even if empathy is unbalanced, has a positive effect, compassion does better.

If we could reconfigure our moral attitudes to be less biased, less parochial, more with our head and less with our heart, we would do better.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Why I’m against empathy». Чаще всего повторяются слова: empathy, compassion, moral, rationality, biased. В этом видео 39 предложений и 847 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:38. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 183 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
empathy существительное	/ˈɛmpəθi/	сочу́вствие, эмпа́тия
moral прилагательное	/ˈmoɹəl/	мора́льный, нравоучи́тельный
compassion существительное	/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/	сострада́ние, сочу́вствие
argue глагол	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	спо́рить, обсужда́ть
shoe существительное	/ˈʃu/	ту́фля, боти́нок
bias существительное	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	предубежде́ние, предвзя́тость
rational прилагательное	/ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/	мы́слящий, разу́мный
naturally наречие	/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/	есте́ственно
anxiety существительное	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	беспоко́йство, трево́га
horrible прилагательное	/ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/	ужа́сный, стра́шный
substitute существительное	/ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/	замени́тель, заме́на
mirror существительное	/ˈmiɹɚ/	зе́ркало, зерца́ло
charity существительное	/ˈtʃæɹɪti/	благотвори́тельное о́бщество, благотвори́тельная организа́ция
anger существительное	/ˈæŋɡə/	гнев, злость
deny глагол	/dəˈnaɪ/	отрица́ть, отверга́ть

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
calm down глагол	успока́иваться, успоко́иться
come up with глагол	придумывать, приходить в голову
figure out глагол	разбира́ться, разобра́ться

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:

Who do you feel empathy for?
Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
You're mad, you want me to be mad too.
Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 20 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, you're, doesn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, shoe /ˈʃu/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: equitable /ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/, outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как empathy, moral, compassion.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Как заниматься с этим видео

Что такое техника Shadowing?