Практика Shadowing: AI Will End Philosophy, Physicist Claims - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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A physicist has written a book explaining how artificial intelligence will make much of philosophy obsolete soon.
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A philosopher thinks otherwise, and I think, well, they're both wrong.
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Let me explain.
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The new book comes from Louis Fervort, who started out with a PhD in physics, but then did a second PhD in philosophy.
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So this isn't your stereotypical ignorant physicists with a YouTube channel.
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You have me for that.
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The book is titled Problem Solving in Philosophy, How to Do Philosophy in the Age of Ultra Intelligent AI.
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To make a long story short, the author argues that philosophy should be done like in natural science in general, and like theoretical physics in particular.
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As he writes in the book, quote, philosophy is now mature enough to come to reasonably solid answers to key problems,
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And there's one overarching method to do so, in essence, the same method as the natural science is used to obtain answers,
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in particular theoretical physics.
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He argues that philosophers should quantify how good an explanation is by using
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that explanation which gives the largest number of coherent answers to the well -posed problems.
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He calls this the maximally coherent theory.
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The best theory is the one that explains the most cases, makes sense of the most counterexamples and contradicts the least other accepted knowledge.
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And AI can do it, so his argument, because all it really comes down to is counting the questions answered and contradictions.
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He's even done an experiment in which he used AI to allegedly solve a thorny problem of philosophy.
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That's how to define causality.
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The experiment works like this.
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Ask Chad GPT, at the time this was GPT -4, which notion of causality is the best.
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Chad GPT said, counterfactual causality, which Fairbord thinks is correct because it's the one he also likes best.
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Maybe doing philosophy like theoretical physics is not the flex he thinks it is.
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Other philosophy topics that Fairbord thinks AI or cetera is free will, which clearly doesn't exist, and induction,
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which he thinks is a pseudo -problem.
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Though I have to add that he also says that he doesn't think AI will solve all philosophy problems.
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In particular, he says big questions like the meaning of life or the existence of God are still up for grabs,
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presumably until chat GPT 7 .8 Max Pro Ultra agrees with him.
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The author published a paper with his main argument before the book, so we already have a comment from a philosopher titled,
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can we automate philosophy through AI?
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And we want to.
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The philosopher basically says that if you think philosophy is about generating theories and arguing for and against them,
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then yes, an AI can in principle do it.
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If you, on the other hand, think philosophy is about thinking through these problems yourself, then an AI can't do it for you.
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The remarkable thing about this argument is that he managed to blow it up to 15 pages, which is basically my problem with all philosophy literature.
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Loads of words to say the pathetically obvious.
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That said, I don't have much sympathy for the physicist's argument in this case either,
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because the question of how to quantify the best explanation for a philosophical theory is itself a philosophical problem.
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And the entire idea that you can science -ify philosophy is nonsense,
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because philosophy is exactly what we use to discuss the questions that science cannot answer, or not yet.
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There are, of course, questions that eventually move from philosophy to science.
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Consciousness is just doing this, and free will is likely going to come next.
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The problem with the author's argument is nicely illustrated in his take on the problem of induction.
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That's the question of why induction works.
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Why do the laws of nature continue to work?
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Why does the sun rise every morning?
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Why do atoms remain stable?
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Why does Sabina keep making stupid jokes?
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You might say, well, it's because we have seen in the past that that's the case.
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Yes, but that'd be proving induction by induction, which is a circular argument.
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Verwort basically says it's a meaningless question
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because induction should be treated as an axiom and as such it doesn't require a justification.
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But induction is an axiom in science.
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We need it for science to work.
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The question is why does it work?
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That's a question science can't answer which is exactly why it's a question for philosophers.
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If you say a non -scientific question isn't a question then yeah I guess you can close the philosophy departments
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but even Claude could tell you that this is a pseudo -argument.
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That said, I think both of these gentlemen missed the obvious point, which is that humans are by.. default lazy.
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Most philosophy papers are already collections of useless words
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that no one reads and of course increasingly more philosophers will let AI do this job.
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Indeed, I'm sure this is already happening and I hope
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that this will ultimately encourage philosophers to improve the quality of their discourse.
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I give the book a 6 out of 10 on the bullshit meter.
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Why is it so low after all I've said?
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It's because I think that the method that the author suggests to quantify how good different explanations are is worthwhile.
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I just don't think it's going to make philosophy redundant.
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And if AI really does make philosophy obsolete, philosophers will spend the next 50 years debating whether that actually happened.
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See you tomorrow.
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You
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 85 предложений и 1087 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:58. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 156 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| philosopher существительное | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | фило́соф |
| induction существительное | /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/ | официа́льное введе́ние в до́лжность |
| explanation существительное | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | объясне́ние, разъясне́ние |
| physics существительное | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | фи́зика |
| argue глагол | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | спо́рить, обсужда́ть |
| theoretical прилагательное | /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/ | теорети́ческий, академи́чный |
| solve глагол | /sɒlv/ | реша́ть, реши́ть |
| experiment существительное | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | экспериме́нт, о́пыт |
| philosophical прилагательное | /ˌfɪl.əˈsɑ.fɪ.kl̩/ | филосо́фский |
| obsolete прилагательное | /ˈɑbsəlit/ | устаре́вший |
| coherent прилагательное | /koʊˈhɛɹ.ənt/ | свя́зный |
| topic существительное | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | те́ма, предме́т |
| stable существительное | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | коню́шня, хлев |
| encourage глагол | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | ободря́ть, обо́дрить |
| select глагол | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | отбира́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| come down to глагол | спадать до |
| come up глагол | поднима́ться, подня́ться |
| think through глагол | проду́мывать, проду́мать |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | pages, which is · induction, which is · answer which is |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has written · have seen · I've said |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is titled · should be done · should be treated |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 17 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например doesn't, don't, can't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, pathetically /pəˈθɛtɪkli/, thorny /ˈθɔɹni/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: induction /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, collections /kəˈlɛkʃənz/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, philosophical /ˌfɪl.əˈsɑ.fɪ.kl̩/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как philosopher, induction, explanation.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.