Shadowing Practice: Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom - Learn English Speaking with Video
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I'm against empathy.
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I'm not against empathy for everything.
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I think empathy is a lot of fun when you're watching a movie, empathy for a fictional character.
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I think empathy is an important part of all sorts of exciting activities, but I'm against empathy as a moral guide.
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I think we could do better.
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The sense of empathy I'm most interested in is when you, in a sense, put yourself in another person's shoes and feel what they feel.
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Psychologists call this emotional empathy.
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A lot of people think this is core to being a good person.
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A few years ago I wrote a book called Against Empathy, The Case for Rational Compassion.
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And I argued this form of empathy, though it might seem wonderful, is actually a very poor moral guide.
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Who do you feel empathy for?
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Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
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Well, we know the answer this from study after study after study
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we naturally feel empathy for people who look like us who speak our language who we feel are safe
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and because of that empathy is of all of the human feelings perhaps the most bias and parochial
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when you put a book out the title against empathy you gotta expect a certain amount of blowback
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and a lot of people responded to me with their own experiences in our own arguments.
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Sometimes people agreed with me, sometimes they argued against me.
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So one argument against the purpose of my book is although empathy could have negative effects, could be bias, could provoke us into violence,
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could cause all sorts of trouble, it also could have good effects and I can see this in my book.
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And so some people have said look if you add it all up the positive benefits of empathy outweigh the negative.
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I'm not always convinced about that sort of math but even
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if it were true we have moral capacities that are better than empathy
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another objection is that empathy whatever you think of its role
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when it comes to war and charity and broad moral decisions is a necessary part of an intimate relationship
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one philosopher in a critique of me said my wife comes in and she's mad at somebody at work
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It's all well and good for me to say, I love you very much, and I understand where you're coming from.
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But isn't what she wants me to share her anger, get angry with her?
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And my response to that is, it's kind of right.
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I don't deny that.
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There are cases where what we look for in a relationship with others is that sort of shared feeling.
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You're mad.
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You want me to be mad too.
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My critical response is, there's all sorts of cases where that's not what we want.
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My favorite example here is anxiety.
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I go to my partner and I'm very anxious.
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I'm stressed out.
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Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
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To look at me and say, oh my God, it's horrible.
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Yeah, it's horrible.
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No. I want her to be calm.
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I want her to say, I love you.
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Calm down.
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Let me tell you how to think it differently.
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Sometimes what we want from people isn't a mirror of us.
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It's rather another intelligent, caring, loving person responding to us as a distinct being
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and working to make our life better
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and I think sometimes empathy is exactly what we do not want now
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if I'm gonna say this I have to come up with something
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that will replace empathy I'm not saying we should give up on morality
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so my book is called against empathy
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but the subtitle of my book is the case for rational compassion
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and therein lies the substitute I think and the substitute has two parts one is rationality if I'm going to help somebody,
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I have to know what's the best way to help them.
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Sometimes what might seem to be the best way to help them simply makes things worse.
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Sometimes figuring out what to do to make the world a better place is an extraordinarily difficult task, too big for one brain,
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and we do our best when as communities we work together to think about that.
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So that's rationality.
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Rationality itself is great at pursuing ends, but it doesn't provide ends.
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It doesn't provide goals.
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What you need is compassion.
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You need to care.
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So what I argue in the book is that our best decisions, our fairest, our most equitable ones,
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are done through a combination of a rational judgment of how does one make the world a better place,
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plus compassion, love, caring, but not the sort of love and caring that requires you put yourself in another person's shoes.
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Even if empathy is unbalanced, has a positive effect, compassion does better.
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If we could reconfigure our moral attitudes to be less biased, less parochial, more with our head and less with our heart, we would do better.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Why I’m against empathy”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: empathy, compassion, moral, rationality, biased. Deze video bevat 39 zinnen en 847 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:38. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 183 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| empathy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | inlevingsvermogen, empathie |
| moral bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moreel |
| compassion zelfstandig naamwoord | /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ | medelijden, deernis |
| argue werkwoord | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | redetwisten |
| shoe zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈʃu/ | schoen |
| bias zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | neiging, vooroordeel |
| rational bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | rationeel, redelijk |
| naturally bijwoord | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | natuurlijk |
| anxiety zelfstandig naamwoord | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | bezorgdheid, ongerustheid |
| horrible bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | verschrikkelijk |
| substitute zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/ | vervanger, plaatsvervanger |
| mirror zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | spiegel |
| charity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ | liefdadigheidsinstelling, goed doel |
| anger zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæŋɡə/ | boosheid, woede |
| deny werkwoord | /dəˈnaɪ/ | ontkennen |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| calm down werkwoord | bedaren |
| come up with werkwoord | bedenken, verzinnen |
| figure out werkwoord | uitvogelen, er achter komen |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- Who do you feel empathy for?
- Who do you most naturally put yourself in the shoes of?
- You're mad, you want me to be mad too.
- Do I want her to start sharing my feeling of anxiety?
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 20 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, you're, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, therein /ˈðɛəɹˈɪn/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, shoe /ˈʃu/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, charity /ˈtʃæɹɪti/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, anger /ˈæŋɡə/
- /w/ — met ronde lippen: equitable /ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/, outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als empathy, moral, compassion.
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Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.