Shadowing-Übung: Why Farming was a Terrible Deal for Humans - Prof. Jiang Xueqin - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit YouTube

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We were first hunter gatherers.
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We were first hunter gatherers.
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and we lived in groups of about 20 to 50 people and we  roamed the land looking for food.
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It was uncertain, it was unstable and  then suddenly there was a revolution.
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We discover farming.
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And farming provided a stable source of food, that we could control, okay?
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The word we use is domestication, Domestication just means that we bring it under our control.
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And because of farming, we can now create more food  than we need.
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The word we use for this is surplus and because there's a  surplus people now could do things besides farming so for example we could have um leaders which creates the idea of politics right?
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We could also have priests which introduces the idea of religion.
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And then we can have creative people which then gives us arts.
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And slowly over time these villages grew into cities and because there was a lot of people and a lot of surplus we could now have literature reading and writing so we can now store knowledge and then pass it from generation to generation and across cultures We can now have science and technology and slowly over the course of this process we create modernity okay?
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which is the world that we live in today so the pivotal step towards modernity was this transition into agriculture and this is traditionally  what we believed about the world Unfortunately there's no evidence  for this okay and in fact the more evidence we collect the  more we realize this is not true.
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In fact, what we now know  is, it was actually pretty stupid..
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to transition from hunter gatherer into farming okay? for a variety of reasons.
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The first reason is that when you're a hunter gatherer it's actually a pretty easy life because there's food  everywhere okay? When you're a farmer it's a hard life because you have  to grow that food so maybe maybe as a hunter gatherer you're working maybe an hour a day but as a farmer you were working six seven hours a day.
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It was very hard to grow that food so in the book "Sapiens" The Israeli historian named Yuval Harari he's very famous, Sapien is also a very famous book, There's a very famous sentence  okay the sentence is like this "we did not domesticate wheat, wheat domesticated us" okay? so we thought that we made wheat okay the food  wheat into our slave but in reality wheat made us its slave  and the reasoning for this is this out in nature if you're wheat and  you want to survive you have to make yourself attractive to other people and to animals okay? So you have to be tasty and you have to be easy to find, you have to do a lot of work but when you're on a farm and you are wheat you can just lay back do nothing and make humans do all the work okay? so it was a bad deal for humans and a very good deal for wheat okay so that's the first problem you  actually do more work on the farm than you do as a hunter gatherer. Which means that now you have to have more children right?
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You need to have labor to do all that work which creates a problem of overpopulation. Which means that you are using too much land and then eventually the land becomes dead okay? Or uh not arabale anymore so that's the first problem. Second problem is that we're able to dig up the skeletons of hunter gatherers and farmers and what we see is that hunter gathers are a lot taller than farmers. Why? Protein right? Food as a hunter gatherer you have access to meat, you  have access to fruits and nuts and vegetables okay your diet is varied  um and very nutritious but as a farmer you're eating only what you grow which  is mainly wheat and some vegetables so you're not getting that much  nutrition. Then the third problem is that is as a farmer you are much more likely to die early than if you're a hunter gatherer.
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Why? Have you guys been to a farm? What's the problem on a farm? Exactly thank you pigs right? Animals. They're everywhere plus where do you put the garbage? Where do you go to the restroom right? so because people are together in a very unclean place it's much more likely to contract disease and then die okay? So for these three reasons the transition from hunter gather to farming makes no sense and even today we are not able to explain to you why this transition happened.

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Über diese Lektion

In dieser Lektion werden Sie sich mit dem Thema der Landwirtschaft und ihrer Entwicklung im Vergleich zum Leben als Jäger und Sammler auseinandersetzen. Sie werden wichtige Begriffe und Konzepte kennenlernen, die in dem Vortrag von Professor Jiang Xueqin behandelt werden, und die Ideen, die hinter der Übergang von Jägern und Sammlern zu Landwirten stehen, verstehen. Diese Übung wird Ihnen helfen, neues Vokabular zu erweitern und Ihre Fähigkeiten im Englisch sprechen üben zu verbessern.

Schlüsselvokabular & Phrasen

  • Domestication - Domestizierung
  • Surplus - Überschuss
  • Hunter-gatherers - Jäger und Sammler
  • Agriculture - Landwirtschaft
  • Population - Bevölkerung
  • Nutrition - Ernährung
  • Diseases - Krankheiten
  • Farming - Landwirtschaft

Übungstipps

Um das shadowing-Üben effektiv zu gestalten, empfehle ich Ihnen, sich die Geschwindigkeit und den Ton des Videos genau anzuhören. Professor Jiang Xueqin spricht klar und verständlich, was es einfacher macht, die Phrasen zu wiederholen. Versuchen Sie, während des Anschauens aktiv mitzusprechen. Schalten Sie das Video mehrmals an und pausieren Sie es, um die schwierigen Stellen zu wiederholen. Dies wird Ihnen helfen, Ihr Englisch lernen mit YouTube zu optimieren.

Nutzen Sie auch die Methode des shadow speech: Sprechen Sie direkt nach, was der Vortragende sagt. Konzentrieren Sie sich auf die Aussprache und den Rhythmus. Diese Technik wird Ihnen nicht nur helfen, Ihr Hörverständnis zu verbessern, sondern auch Ihre Sprechfähigkeiten, wenn Sie Englisch sprechen üben. Wenn Sie regelmäßig mit solchen Videos üben, werden Sie schnell Fortschritte machen und Ihre Fähigkeiten im shadowspeaks verstärken.

Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?

Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.

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