Prática de Shadowing: Why Farming was a Terrible Deal for Humans - Prof. Jiang Xueqin - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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We were first hunter gatherers.
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We were first hunter gatherers.
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and we lived in groups of about 20 to 50 people and we  roamed the land looking for food.
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It was uncertain, it was unstable and  then suddenly there was a revolution.
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We discover farming.
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And farming provided a stable source of food, that we could control, okay?
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The word we use is domestication, Domestication just means that we bring it under our control.
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And because of farming, we can now create more food  than we need.
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The word we use for this is surplus and because there's a  surplus people now could do things besides farming so for example we could have um leaders which creates the idea of politics right?
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We could also have priests which introduces the idea of religion.
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And then we can have creative people which then gives us arts.
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And slowly over time these villages grew into cities and because there was a lot of people and a lot of surplus we could now have literature reading and writing so we can now store knowledge and then pass it from generation to generation and across cultures We can now have science and technology and slowly over the course of this process we create modernity okay?
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which is the world that we live in today so the pivotal step towards modernity was this transition into agriculture and this is traditionally  what we believed about the world Unfortunately there's no evidence  for this okay and in fact the more evidence we collect the  more we realize this is not true.
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In fact, what we now know  is, it was actually pretty stupid..
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to transition from hunter gatherer into farming okay? for a variety of reasons.
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The first reason is that when you're a hunter gatherer it's actually a pretty easy life because there's food  everywhere okay? When you're a farmer it's a hard life because you have  to grow that food so maybe maybe as a hunter gatherer you're working maybe an hour a day but as a farmer you were working six seven hours a day.
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It was very hard to grow that food so in the book "Sapiens" The Israeli historian named Yuval Harari he's very famous, Sapien is also a very famous book, There's a very famous sentence  okay the sentence is like this "we did not domesticate wheat, wheat domesticated us" okay? so we thought that we made wheat okay the food  wheat into our slave but in reality wheat made us its slave  and the reasoning for this is this out in nature if you're wheat and  you want to survive you have to make yourself attractive to other people and to animals okay? So you have to be tasty and you have to be easy to find, you have to do a lot of work but when you're on a farm and you are wheat you can just lay back do nothing and make humans do all the work okay? so it was a bad deal for humans and a very good deal for wheat okay so that's the first problem you  actually do more work on the farm than you do as a hunter gatherer. Which means that now you have to have more children right?
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You need to have labor to do all that work which creates a problem of overpopulation. Which means that you are using too much land and then eventually the land becomes dead okay? Or uh not arabale anymore so that's the first problem. Second problem is that we're able to dig up the skeletons of hunter gatherers and farmers and what we see is that hunter gathers are a lot taller than farmers. Why? Protein right? Food as a hunter gatherer you have access to meat, you  have access to fruits and nuts and vegetables okay your diet is varied  um and very nutritious but as a farmer you're eating only what you grow which  is mainly wheat and some vegetables so you're not getting that much  nutrition. Then the third problem is that is as a farmer you are much more likely to die early than if you're a hunter gatherer.
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Why? Have you guys been to a farm? What's the problem on a farm? Exactly thank you pigs right? Animals. They're everywhere plus where do you put the garbage? Where do you go to the restroom right? so because people are together in a very unclean place it's much more likely to contract disease and then die okay? So for these three reasons the transition from hunter gather to farming makes no sense and even today we are not able to explain to you why this transition happened.

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Por que praticar a fala com este vídeo?

Praticar a fala com o vídeo "Por que a Agricultura Foi um Mau Negócio para os Humanos" do Professor Jiang Xueqin é uma excelente oportunidade para expandir seu vocabulário e compreensão sobre a evolução humana e a agricultura. Ao utilizar um shadowing site, você pode acompanhar as falas do professor, imitando a entonação e o ritmo, o que facilita a internalização das estruturas de frases. Além disso, a natureza envolvente do assunto estimula discussões, ajudando você a articular ideias de forma mais fluida ao aprender inglês com youtube.

Gramática e Expressões em Contexto

No vídeo, o professor utiliza várias estruturas gramaticais que são valiosas para quem está aprendendo inglês. Aqui estão algumas das mais relevantes:

  • "we did not domesticate wheat, wheat domesticated us": Esta construção enfatiza a inversão de agentes em uma frase, mostrando como a linguagem pode transmitir ironia e reverter a expectativa comum.
  • "it's actually a pretty easy life": O uso de adjetivos e advérbios para descrever a vida como "fácil" e "dura" pode ensinar variações na entonação necessárias para reforçar a ideia.
  • "you have to grow that food": Frases com obrigação como "have to" são cruciais para expressar necessidade e prática em contextos diários.
  • "there's a lot of surplus": A expressão "a lot of" é comumente usada e fundamental para discutir quantidades, tornando-a prática em conversas sobre economia e recursos.

Traps de Pronúncia Comuns

Enquanto assiste ao vídeo, preste atenção em algumas palavras e expressões que podem ser desafiadoras para pronunciar:

  • "domestication": A ênfase na segunda sílaba pode ser difícil para falantes não nativos. Praticar a sonoridade pode ajudar na clareza.
  • "farming": O 'r' condicionado na palavra pode ser um desafio, especialmente se o seu idioma materno não possui um som semelhante.
  • "surplus": A pronúncia correta da vogal "u" pode ser uma armadilha de pronúncia em inglês, fazendo com que mude o significado da palavra.

Ao gravar sua própria voz enquanto pratica, você pode usar a técnica shadow speak para melhorar sua pronúncia e fluência. Utilize o método shadowspeaks para comparar sua entrega com a do professor e ajustar conforme necessário. Essa prática não só aprimora sua habilidade em inglês mas, também, oferece uma visão mais profunda das ideias discutidas.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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