Shadowing Practice: An Introduction to Basic Zabbix Concepts. Part One - Hosts, Items, and Triggers - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Hosts, items, and triggers are the basic building blocks for data collection and problem detection in Zabbix.

Let's see how we can configure our first host and create a couple of items and triggers for it.

We will begin by creating a host.

Hosts represent our monitoring endpoints,

anything from servers, network hardware,

IoT devices, websites, applications, and any other type of endpoint.

Hosts needs to have a unique host name.

Host also must belong to at least a single host group.

Host groups are used for grouping and filtering and are essential for configuring Zabbix user access permissions.

A host can belong to an unlimited number of host groups.

For our first example, we will use the Cisco SNMP template to monitor our Cisco switch.

The template contains a pre-configured set of items and triggers,

and any changes made on the template will be applied on the hosts utilizing this template.

For SNMP checks to work,

we also need to define an SNMP interface.

An interface represents the endpoint address,

which the values will be polled at by Zabbix.

Zabbix has four types of interfaces,

Zabbix Agent, SNMP, IPMI, and JMX for the corresponding item types.

Not all items use interfaces,

but for these four item types, interfaces are mandatory.

Let's create an SNMP interface,

provide an address and port,

select the SNMP version, and provide an SNMP community.

There are various other settings that we can define for the host,

such as host-level macros, tags,

value maps, inventory, encryption, and IPMI settings.

I will add a tag for my host,

which will provide additional information about the host environment,

and skip the other settings.

Now let's add the host and navigate to monitoring latest data,

where we will be able to see the items and their values collected on this host.

Now let's create another host.

This time I will be creating a Linux host with an agent interface without any templates assigned to it.

Zabbix agent is already deployed on this host,

and we will create items and triggers for it manually.

Let's provide the agent interface information,

tag the host, and add it.

Now let's open host items and create our first item.

We will begin by creating a simple ping item to check our host availability.

Let's give our item a name and select its type, simple check.

Pings, port checks and other simple check items are executed directly by Zabbix server and do not require an agent.

Zabbix provides a variety of item types utilizing different data collection approaches,

but for now we will focus on simple check and agent items.

Let's select the ICMP ping key.

For most items, item keys are used to define what type of metric needs to be collected on a host a host.

For this key, all of the parameters are optional,

so we can remove them.

Items also requires selecting the correct type of information.

Zabbix will attempt to automatically select the correct type of information,

and in this case, it's numeric unsigned,

since the collected value will be equal either to 0 or 1.

The item will ping the selected host interface address.

Let's set the update interval to 1 minute.

This defines how often the ping value is collected.

History and trend storage periods are defined for how long do we wish to store the collected values and trends,

value hourly aggregates.

Let's also tag this item with component availability so we can use this tag to easier filter for the item value.

Let's add the item and proceed with adding our second item, CPU Utilization.

CPU Utilization on our Linux host can be retrieved by Zabbix Agent.

Let's select the Zabbix agent item type and select the System CPU util key.

This key also has various optional parameters.

We can click on the question mark next to the item

key to read more about their possible values in the Zabbix documentation.

Let's add the key without any parameters.

This way the item will use the parameter defaults to collect our values.

We will use the numeric float type of information,

since the item will collect CPU utilization in percent with fractional parts.

Next we will select our agent interface.

This will represent the address of the Zabbix agent,

which will be polled by Zabbix server to retrieve the item values.

Let's set the update interval to 30 seconds,

tag the item with component CPU, and create the item.

Now, if we navigate to latest data,

we can see that both of our items are successfully returning values.

Go back to data collection hosts and click on triggers next to our Linux server host.

Click Create Trigger in the top right corner of the page to create a trigger.

Let's create a trigger which reacts to our host being unreachable via ping.

Give the trigger a short name,

and now let's specify how the problem will be presented by configuring the EventName field.

I will use the builtin host.host macro in myEventName.

Using a built-in macro like this can be extremely useful when creating triggers on templates.

Instead of specifying a static event name,

the macro will be automatically resolved as the host name of the host on which the problem is detected.

Currently we're creating a trigger directly on a host,

so we could be using a static name here,

but I prefer to follow the best practice,

since in real life you will mostly be creating items and triggers on templates,

and then applying the templates on hosts.

Let's set the severity to high and press add to create our first trigger expression.

First, select the ping item,

then select the function which you wish to use for analyzing the collected values.

Zabbix provides a vast selection of functions for different kinds of use cases.

For our first example, we will use the last function,

reacting if the last collected value is equal to zero.

Let's insert the expression and add the trigger.

Now let's add our second trigger.

We will generate a problem if our CPU utilization is over 90%.

Populate the trigger and event name fields and set the severity.

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Click Add to add the new expression.

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Let's select the CPU utilization item and this time use the average function.

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We will detect an issue if the average CPU utilization value over the last 5 minutes is over 90%.

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Using the average function makes the trigger a lot less sensitive compared to using the last function.

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Using functions fit for your use case is vital for reducing trigger flapping and preventing alert floods.

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Let's finish the exercise by adding the trigger.

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In total, we have created two hosts,

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one for Cisco device monitoring via SNMP using the official Xabix template

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and one for our Linux server with two items and triggers for ping and CPU monitoring created directly on the host.

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But this is just the beginning.

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Feel free to explore our documentation,

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videos and blog articles to find more information about various types of items,

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trigger function use cases and much more.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C2 se basa en el vídeo “An Introduction to Basic Zabbix Concepts. Part One - Hosts, Items, and Triggers”. Las palabras que más se repiten: host, item, trigger, Zabbix, value. Este vídeo tiene 112 frases y 1179 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 9:59. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 118 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 77 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
template sustantivo	/ˈtɛm.plɪt/	plantilla
configure verbo	/kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/	configurar
parameter sustantivo	/pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/	parámetro
endpoint sustantivo		punto extremo, extremo
macroeconomics sustantivo	/ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/	macroeconomía
numeric adjetivo	/n(j)uːˈmɛɹɪk/	numérico
navigate verbo	/ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/	navegar, singlar
retrieve verbo	/ɹɪˈtɹiːv/	recobrar
severity sustantivo	/səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/	severidad
interval sustantivo	/ˈɪntɚvəl/	intervalo
specify verbo	/ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/	especificar, circunstanciar
optional adjetivo	/ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/	opcional
static adjetivo	/ˈstæt.ɪk/	estático
detect verbo	/dɪˈtɛkt/	detectar
fractional adjetivo	/ˈfɹæk.ʃən.əl/	fraccionario

Frases que vale la pena repetir

Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:

Let's add the key without any parameters.
Let's insert the expression and add the trigger.
Let's finish the exercise by adding the trigger.

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, fractional /ˈfɹæk.ʃən.əl/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: parameter /pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, severity /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/, static /ˈstæt.ɪk/
/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, severity /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/, interval /ˈɪntɚvəl/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: utilize /ˈjuː.tɪ.laɪz/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como template, configure, parameter.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: An Introduction to Basic Zabbix Concepts. Part One - Hosts, Items, and Triggers - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Frases que vale la pena repetir

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?