Shadowing Practice: Right lateral frontal AVM embolization - Learn English Speaking with Video

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In this video, we will discuss about right lateral frontal AVM,
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its angio-architecture and embolization.
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28-year female, presented with right frontal partial seizure,
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on and off right frontal headache.
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CT scan with contrast showed right frontal AVM.
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This is lateral view of right internal calvary artery injection which showed high flow AVM at right anterior frontal region.
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Avium is fed by multiple feeders from right middle subal artery and anterior subal artery.
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The Avium is drained via dilated right anterior frontal cortical vein to superior cital sinus.
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From a surgeon perspective, Avium core can be considered as a box shape with a forced surface.
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Here we are seeing the Avium from the anterior aspect,
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posterior aspect, right lateral and left lateral aspect.
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In this particular case, the AVM feeders are entering the AVM core from the inferior aspect
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and the draining vein is exiting from the anterior aspect of the AVM.
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This is the sketch diagram of AVM.
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Here we could see the circumferential feeder artery branching into smaller shunting arterioles
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which is shunting the blood to the spiral shaped vessels within the central core.
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These spiral vessels are either veins or are dysmorphic vessels.
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These spiral vessels are finally draining to superficial cortical vein.
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On the left side of the screen we could see the selective injection of the feeder artery.
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Here we could see the feeder artery is dividing into tiny vessels
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which are shunting arterioles
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which is then shunting the blood to the spiral vessels within the AVM core
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and we could also see the faint visualization of the draining vein.
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In this case the AVM is located at right anterior frontal lobe involving lateral and the orbital surface.
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Prefrontal branch of the midislebar artery supply most of the middle frontal gyrus and part of inferior frontal gyrus.
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Orbitofrontal branch of the midislebar artery supply orbital portion of middle and inferior frontal gyri.
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In this case, the AVM is predominantly supplied by the orbitofrontal branch and prefrontal branch of right middle silver artery.
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This AVM is also supplied by the frontopolar branch and anterior internal frontal branch of enterosilber artery.
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These feeders from enterosilber artery traversing along the medial surface of hemisphere reaching the frontal pole
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and then supplying the avium on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe.
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This is right middle meningeal artery injection which showed supply to the basal portion of the avium nidus.
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The avium nidus is then draining via superficial frontal cortical vein anteriorly and via orbital vein to the sylvan vein posteriorly.
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This 3D fusion image showed two separate components of the avium nidus,
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anterior superior portion of the avium nidus fed by the intracranial feeders
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and basal portion of the avium nidus are fed by middle meningeal artery feeders.
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The avium was planned for stage embolization with aim to achieve cure by endovascular root.
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In the first session three feeders were selectively catheterized and avium nidus was embolized.
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This is selective micro catheter injection of prefrontal branch of right MCA which was embolized using squid.
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This is right middle feeder artery injection and this feeder artery was embolized using 20% glue.
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Finally, right frontopolar feeder artery was selectively catheterized using magic microcatheter and was embolized using 20% glue.
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This is the final embolic cast.
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Final angiogram revealed approximately 50% reduction of the AVM NIDA score.
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Thank you.

Why practice speaking with this video?

Engaging with the video titled "Right Lateral Frontal AVM Embolization" can greatly enhance your English speaking skills. By shadowing the content, you immerse yourself in technical vocabulary and medical terminology that are paramount in specialized fields. This exercise not only supports your IELTS speaking practice but also sharpens your ability to articulate complex ideas, making you more confident in discussions related to healthcare and medical procedures. The video illustrates real-life scenarios, allowing you to understand context and usage, which is essential in learning English with YouTube.

Grammar & Expressions in Context

As you watch the video, pay attention to the following key structures that are prevalent in professional and academic discussions:

  • Present Simple Tense: "In this video, we will discuss..." This structure is used to present facts and ongoing actions, making it crucial for formal presentations.
  • Passive Voice: "AVM is drained via..." This is widely used in medical explanations, emphasizing the action over the subject, which is common in scientific discourse.
  • Complex Sentences: "These spiral vessels are either veins or are dysmorphic vessels." Using conjunctions effectively can enhance your grammatical range, indicating a more advanced level of English.
  • Conditionals: "If the AVM is drained properly, the patient's condition improves." Practicing conditionals helps you articulate cause and effect clearly.

Incorporating these structures into your own speech will aid in making your English sound more natural and fluent.

Common Pronunciation Traps

While shadowing the speaker, you may encounter some challenging words and phrases that require attention:

  • AVM (Arteriovenous Malformation): Ensure clarity when pronouncing acronyms; emphasize each letter distinctly.
  • Embolization: This term may trip up non-native speakers due to its length; practice breaking it down into syllables, like em-bo-li-za-tion.
  • Cortical vein: Pay attention to the ‘t’ in 'cortical' and the blending of sounds to avoid slurring it together.

Utilizing a shadow speech technique will help you navigate these tricky pronunciations effectively. Thus, combining various strategies will significantly improve English pronunciation while learning in a practical context.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.