Pratique du Shadowing: Crash Course European History Preview - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
70 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
Hello and welcome to Crash Course History.
2
I'm John Green.
3
You may know me because I once hosted a series of Crash Course videos on world history, which, depending on your perspective, was either far too Eurocentric or not nearly Eurocentric enough.
4
Well, we're about to get rather Eurocentric.
5
Mr.
6
Green!
7
Mr.
8
Green!
9
Right, I remember you!
10
Yeah, you retired me from the past.
11
I can't play Seventeen anymore.
12
Anyway, starting today we're going to explore the history of Europe, beginning with the closing years of the so-called Middle Ages, and ending with Europe's recent and possibly temporary great turn toward political and economic unity.
13
But here at the start I want to note two things.
14
First, that Europe is a made-up idea.
15
Like in parts of Eastern Europe, students learn that there are six continents, not seven, because Eurasia is treated as a single landmass on account of it being, you know, a single landmass.
16
But then Eurasia is both physically and geopolitically inseparable from Africa, just as North America is from South America, and Australia is more of an island than a continent, and don't even get me started on Antarctica.
17
So in some ways there are two continents.
18
We don't even completely agree what constitutes Europe.
19
The dividing line is often constructed as the Ural Mountains, which would mean that half of Russia is European and the other half Asian.
20
And is Western Kazakhstan Europe?
21
The southeastern border of Europe is also problematic.
22
Is Turkey Europe?
23
And if not, was the Roman Empire a European empire only when its capital was Rome, and not for the many centuries in which its capital was Constantinople?
24
But of course, like many made-up ideas, Europe is also real.
25
And in these videos we'll attempt to introduce you to the big political, economic, military, and cultural developments in recent European history.
26
The second thing I want to say is that one cannot look at the history of Europe in isolation.
27
Because as part of the Afro-Eurasian landmass, Europe has long been in contact and conversation with other parts of the world, and so it's impossible to examine its history in isolation because it was never isolated.
28
In early human history, when bands of hunter-gatherers rarely reached populations of larger than a few dozen, people were relatively independent from those who lived far away from them.
29
But the story of humans is in some ways a story of growing connection.
30
Like 3,000 years ago, everything most humans used had been made within their community, from clothing to tools to weapons to jewelry to ideas.
31
Over time, though, our trade networks and cultural connections expanded, and more of us began to live in cities and to travel between communities.
32
By around a thousand years ago, for instance, Christianity, which was born in the Middle East, had become the dominant religion in Europe.
33
And the Catholic Church was certainly extremely powerful.
34
But there were also other religions being practiced.
35
Like most of the Iberian Peninsula, for instance, was controlled by the Islamic Caliphate of Cordoba, which had arrived from northern Africa.
36
Sun powder, which was first developed in China, began being utilized in Europe around 1300, and the great disease pandemics that reshaped early modern Europe also came from Asia.
37
What I'm saying is that even Europe isn't really Eurocentric.
38
We're going to try to emphasize the world's interconnectedness in this series, but any regional history risks isolating itself.
39
So throughout, I hope you'll remember that Europe is a made-up idea, and that it is nonetheless real, and that the lives of humans in Europe have long been shaped by the lives of humans elsewhere.
40
Our history will begin around the year 1300, with Central Europe a tangle of kingdoms and city-states and the continent in a purportedly dark age.
41
Big changes are coming—the absolute devastation of the Black Death, a reimagining of the relationship between peasant and lord, and questions about the role of the Catholic Church in political life.
42
But before we get there, I want to flash forwards and backwards.
43
In September of 1940, with Europe roiled by the Second World War, an 18-year-old car mechanic named Marcel Ravidot was walking his dog Robot in the countryside of southwestern France when the dog disappeared down a hole.
44
The next day, Marcel went to the spot with three friends to explore that hole, and after digging for a while, they found a cave with walls covered with paintings.
45
Paintings of horses and bison, and even extinct species.
46
It would eventually be established that some of these artworks were at least 17,000 years old.
47
the boys who found that cave were so profoundly moved by the artwork they saw that they camped outside the cave to protect it for over a year.
48
Now there's nothing unique to Europe about very old cave paintings.
49
They've been found in the Americas, in Indonesia, in Africa, in Australia.
50
They have not been found in Antarctica, another argument against its continthood.
51
And don't tell me that continents are about geology, not humans.
52
Who do you think invented continents?
53
Rocks?
54
I will confess to being a little human-centric when it comes to history.
55
Right, but cave paintings are not unique to Europe.
56
But what I find fascinating about ancient cave paintings is that they were often made over the course of many thousands of years, as hundreds of generations of humans lived in the same caves.
57
Like the paintings at Lascaux, for instance, were likely created over a span of around two thousand years.
58
For two thousand years, a community of humans lived in this cave.
59
Two thousand years.
60
Two thousand years ago, Tiberius was the emperor of the Roman Empire.
61
Our history of Europe will span around seven hundred years, which is a long time.
62
But it also isn't a long time, as it represents less than one half of one percent of human history.
63
History, like so much else, changes as our perspective changes.
64
And so as we zoom into the history of Europe, let's not forget that we're zooming in.
65
Thanks for watching.
66
I'll see you next time.
67
P.S.
68
Have you ever wondered what's at the center of the Earth?
69
Well it turns out it changes every week, but this week it's yet another Earth.
70
Earth's all the way down, you see.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
Même chaîne
C11
Vectors and 2D Motion: Crash Course Physics #4
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
The Bicameral Congress: Crash Course Government and Politics #2
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
Crash Course US History Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1What's all the Yellen About? Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Crash Course Economics #10
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
How Often do Asteroids Hit the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #20
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B210
Crash Course Sex Ed Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Derivatives: Crash Course Physics #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Indus Valley Civilization: Crash Course World History #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Ancient Egypt: Crash Course World History #4
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C12
What is Engineering?: Crash Course Engineering #1
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C13
The Secret to Business Writing: Crash Course Business - Soft Skills #3
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Supervised Learning: Crash Course AI #2
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Why Are US Politics Today So Divisive?: Crash Course US Government #1
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B22
Where Do Diamonds Come From?: Crash Course Geology #8
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C11
Tissues, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #2
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Where Did Democracy Come From, and Does It Still Work?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
The Nucleus: Crash Course Chemistry #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Vidéo recommandée
C11
301 phrases
Lecture 01. Introduction to the Course - Philosophy of the Natural Sciences (Univ of New Orleans)
TOEFL PrepCambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
C110
168 phrases
The Agricultural Revolution: Crash Course World History #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C1133 phrases
Hegel: Philosophy of world history and spirit
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B21
74 phrases
WW1 - Oversimplified (Part 1)
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C11
89 phrases
The Plan for a Unified Nordic Stock Exchange Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
311 phrases
Eco 155: Principles of Macroeconomics Class 1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B22
40 phrases
The Columbian Exchange
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C14
381 phrases
Big Picture: Derivatives
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
C11
652 phrases
СПИДРАН НА ВСЮ ФИЛОСОФИЮ ЗА 45 МИНУТ
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
327 phrases
Language Review: Romanian
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
176 phrases
The ENTIRE History of ROME in 12 Minutes
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Crash Course European History Preview ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Europe, cave, continent, paintings, thousand. Cette vidéo contient 70 phrases et 1063 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:12. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 171 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| continent nom | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | continent |
| landmass nom | /ˈlænd.mæs/ | masse terrestre |
| isolate verbe | /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ | isoler, esseuler |
| isolation nom | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ | isolement |
| centric adjectif | /ˈsɛntɹɪk/ | centrique |
| devastation nom | /ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/ | dévastation |
| fascinate verbe | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fasciner |
| gatherer nom | cueilleur, glaneur | |
| geopolitically adverbe | géopolitiquement | |
| inseparable adjectif | /inˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/ | inséparable |
| interconnectedness nom | interconnexion | |
| tangle verbe | /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/ | emmêler, enchevêtrer |
| invent verbe | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | inventer |
| southwestern adjectif | sud-occidental | |
| southeastern adjectif | sud-oriental |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
| make over verbe | relooker | |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Who do you think invented continents?
- I'll see you next time.
- Earth's all the way down, you see.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is treated · is often constructed · was never isolated |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | those who lived · Christianity, which was · powder, which was |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | They've been found · have not been found · Have you ever wondered |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 16 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, don't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, devastation /ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/, reshape /ɹiːˈʃeɪ̯p/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, devastation /ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/, inseparable /inˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/, purportedly /pəˈpɔː.təd.li/, geology /d͡ʒɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: jewellery /ˈd͡ʒʊ-/, geology /d͡ʒɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: centric /ˈsɛntɹɪk/, inseparable /inˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/, reshape /ɹiːˈʃeɪ̯p/, profoundly /pɹəˈfaʊndli/, problematic /ˌpɹɑ.bləˈmæt.ɪk/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme continent, landmass, isolate.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.