쉐도잉 연습: Crash Course European History Preview - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Hello and welcome to Crash Course History.
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70 문장
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Hello and welcome to Crash Course History.
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I'm John Green.
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You may know me because I once hosted a series of Crash Course videos on world history, which, depending on your perspective, was either far too Eurocentric or not nearly Eurocentric enough.
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Well, we're about to get rather Eurocentric.
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Mr.
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Green!
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Mr.
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Green!
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Right, I remember you!
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Yeah, you retired me from the past.
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I can't play Seventeen anymore.
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Anyway, starting today we're going to explore the history of Europe, beginning with the closing years of the so-called Middle Ages, and ending with Europe's recent and possibly temporary great turn toward political and economic unity.
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But here at the start I want to note two things.
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First, that Europe is a made-up idea.
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Like in parts of Eastern Europe, students learn that there are six continents, not seven, because Eurasia is treated as a single landmass on account of it being, you know, a single landmass.
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But then Eurasia is both physically and geopolitically inseparable from Africa, just as North America is from South America, and Australia is more of an island than a continent, and don't even get me started on Antarctica.
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So in some ways there are two continents.
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We don't even completely agree what constitutes Europe.
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The dividing line is often constructed as the Ural Mountains, which would mean that half of Russia is European and the other half Asian.
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And is Western Kazakhstan Europe?
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The southeastern border of Europe is also problematic.
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Is Turkey Europe?
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And if not, was the Roman Empire a European empire only when its capital was Rome, and not for the many centuries in which its capital was Constantinople?
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But of course, like many made-up ideas, Europe is also real.
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And in these videos we'll attempt to introduce you to the big political, economic, military, and cultural developments in recent European history.
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The second thing I want to say is that one cannot look at the history of Europe in isolation.
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Because as part of the Afro-Eurasian landmass, Europe has long been in contact and conversation with other parts of the world, and so it's impossible to examine its history in isolation because it was never isolated.
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In early human history, when bands of hunter-gatherers rarely reached populations of larger than a few dozen, people were relatively independent from those who lived far away from them.
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But the story of humans is in some ways a story of growing connection.
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Like 3,000 years ago, everything most humans used had been made within their community, from clothing to tools to weapons to jewelry to ideas.
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Over time, though, our trade networks and cultural connections expanded, and more of us began to live in cities and to travel between communities.
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By around a thousand years ago, for instance, Christianity, which was born in the Middle East, had become the dominant religion in Europe.
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And the Catholic Church was certainly extremely powerful.
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But there were also other religions being practiced.
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Like most of the Iberian Peninsula, for instance, was controlled by the Islamic Caliphate of Cordoba, which had arrived from northern Africa.
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Sun powder, which was first developed in China, began being utilized in Europe around 1300, and the great disease pandemics that reshaped early modern Europe also came from Asia.
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What I'm saying is that even Europe isn't really Eurocentric.
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We're going to try to emphasize the world's interconnectedness in this series, but any regional history risks isolating itself.
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So throughout, I hope you'll remember that Europe is a made-up idea, and that it is nonetheless real, and that the lives of humans in Europe have long been shaped by the lives of humans elsewhere.
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Our history will begin around the year 1300, with Central Europe a tangle of kingdoms and city-states and the continent in a purportedly dark age.
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Big changes are coming—the absolute devastation of the Black Death, a reimagining of the relationship between peasant and lord, and questions about the role of the Catholic Church in political life.
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But before we get there, I want to flash forwards and backwards.
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In September of 1940, with Europe roiled by the Second World War, an 18-year-old car mechanic named Marcel Ravidot was walking his dog Robot in the countryside of southwestern France when the dog disappeared down a hole.
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The next day, Marcel went to the spot with three friends to explore that hole, and after digging for a while, they found a cave with walls covered with paintings.
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Paintings of horses and bison, and even extinct species.
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It would eventually be established that some of these artworks were at least 17,000 years old.
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the boys who found that cave were so profoundly moved by the artwork they saw that they camped outside the cave to protect it for over a year.
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Now there's nothing unique to Europe about very old cave paintings.
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They've been found in the Americas, in Indonesia, in Africa, in Australia.
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They have not been found in Antarctica, another argument against its continthood.
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And don't tell me that continents are about geology, not humans.
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Who do you think invented continents?
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Rocks?
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I will confess to being a little human-centric when it comes to history.
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Right, but cave paintings are not unique to Europe.
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But what I find fascinating about ancient cave paintings is that they were often made over the course of many thousands of years, as hundreds of generations of humans lived in the same caves.
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Like the paintings at Lascaux, for instance, were likely created over a span of around two thousand years.
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For two thousand years, a community of humans lived in this cave.
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Two thousand years.
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Two thousand years ago, Tiberius was the emperor of the Roman Empire.
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Our history of Europe will span around seven hundred years, which is a long time.
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But it also isn't a long time, as it represents less than one half of one percent of human history.
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History, like so much else, changes as our perspective changes.
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And so as we zoom into the history of Europe, let's not forget that we're zooming in.
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Thanks for watching.
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I'll see you next time.
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P.S.
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Have you ever wondered what's at the center of the Earth?
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Well it turns out it changes every week, but this week it's yet another Earth.
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Earth's all the way down, you see.

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이 비디오는 유럽 역사에 대한 깊이 있는 통찰을 제공하며, shadowspeak와 같은 말하기 연습에 적합한 맥락을 제공합니다. 존 그린은 역사적 사건들을 흥미롭게 설명하면서 자연스러운 대화체를 사용하므로, 수업 중 제공되는 내용을 실제 대화에 적용할 수 있는 좋은 기회를 제공합니다. 이런 맥락에서 학습자는 영어 회화 연습을 통해 유럽 역사와 관련된 주제를 다루고, IELTS 스피킹 시험에서 필요한 능력을 기를 수 있습니다.

문법 및 표현 분석

비디오에서는 다음과 같은 주요 표현 및 문법 구조가 사용됩니다:

  • “It is often constructed as” - 이 구조는 주어진 정보나 개념이 어떻게 만들어지는지를 설명할 때 사용됩니다. 이는 학습자가 자신의 의견을 표현할 때 유용합니다.
  • “One cannot look at” - 이 표현은 어떤 주제를 고립된 상태로 바라볼 수 없다는 점을 강조하며, 중요한 메시지를 전달하는 데 효과적입니다.
  • “In some ways” - 이러한 표현은 다양한 관점을 제시하며, 자신의 주장에 깊이를 더할 수 있습니다.
  • “For instance” - 예시를 제공함으로써 설명의 명확성을 높이는데 도움이 되는 표현입니다.
  • “What I'm saying is” - 이 문장은 중요한 정보를 요약하고 강조하는 데 이상적입니다.

일반적인 발음 함정

이 비디오에서 사용되는 몇 가지 발음이 어려운 단어와 억양을 살펴보겠습니다:

  • “Eurasia” - 유라시아는 발음이 다소 복잡할 수 있으므로 주의해서 연습해야 합니다.
  • “Caliphate” - 이 단어는 특정한 발음 규칙이 있어 발음 실수를 유발할 수 있습니다. 강세에 유의하세요.
  • “Pandemic” - 많은 영어 사용자들이 이 단어에서 강세를 잘못 놓치는 경향이 있습니다. 올바른 발음을 위해 반복 연습이 필요합니다.

비디오의 내용을 따라 하며 shadowspeaks 기법으로 연습하면, 자연스럽고 정확한 발음을 연습할 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 영어 회화 연습의 효과를 더욱 높일 수 있습니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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