Pratique du Shadowing: Grows Food in Dead Soil. The "Primitive" Trick That Beat Modern Science. - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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203 phrases
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An illiterate farmer from one of the poorest countries on earth walks into the United States Capitol building.
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He is wearing a long brown smock.
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He doesn't speak English.
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He is about to address members of Congress
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and a room full of international agricultural experts about how to save millions of people from starvation.
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His name is Yacouba Sawadogo,
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and 30 years earlier his own neighbors called him a madman.
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They set his fields on fire to stop him,
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because Yacouba was digging holes,
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thousands of them, in the middle of the worst drought in 200 years.
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When everyone else was fleeing their villages to survive,
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he was returning to his.
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When agronomists with PHDS could not figure out how to stop the Sahara Desert from swallowing West Africa,
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this peasant farmer with a shovel did it anyway.
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Between 1972 and 1984, the Sahel region of Africa experienced droughts so catastrophic that rainfall dropped by 80%.
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100,000 people starved to death.
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Tens of millions fled their homes.
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The desert was advancing.
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Scientists predicted the entire region would become uninhabitable.
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The ground turned to hard pan,
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soil so compacted that plows couldn't break it.
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When rain did fall, it ran off the surface like concrete.
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The western response was predictable.
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Agricultural experts flew in from Europe and America.
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They brought tractors.
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They brought chemical fertilizers.
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They brought irrigation systems.
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They spent billions of dollars.
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None of it worked.
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Because the Sahel has a fundamental problem that modern agriculture can't solve.
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When the soil crusts over, water cannot penetrate.
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Chemical fertilizers don't fix this.
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Tractors don't fix this.
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In fact, heavy machinery makes it worse,
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compacting the soil even more.
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But there was a technique that did work.
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It had worked for centuries.
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And in 1980, one man decided to remember it.
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Yacouba Sawadogo While everyone else was fleeing the Sahel,
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Yacouba picked up a shovel.
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As a child, he had been sent to a Quranic school in Mali.
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He was a poor student,
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but the school's sheikh told him that he would become an important leader someday.
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When he returned home as a young man,
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he opened a market stall.
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He was successful.
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He had a future in business.
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And then the droughts came.
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While everyone else fled for the cities,
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Yacouba went back to the land.
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He started farming in the middle of the worst drought in living memory.
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His neighbors told him that a man who digs holes is as useful as a man who hangs himself.
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Because Yacouba was not digging during the rainy season,
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he was digging in the dry season,
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when the ground was hardest,
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when it seemed most pointless.
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He was using an ancient technique called zai.
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He changed it.
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He made the pits bigger, and He dug deeper.
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And then he did something that made people certain he had lost his mind.
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He filled each pit with a handful of manure.
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And he waited.
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The manure attracted termites.
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The termites burrowed into the soil beneath the pits to get the organic matter.
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Their tunnels broke up the hardpan.
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They aerated the soil.
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They created a natural irrigation network deep underground.
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When the rains finally came,
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Yacuba's pits caught every drop.
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The water did not run off.
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It sank deep into the ground, up to 125 cm.
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In the flat, untreated land next door,
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water only penetrated 60 cm.
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His crops survived.
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His neighbor's crops died, and they hated him for it.
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Traditional land chiefs said he was violating the natural order.
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They ostracized him.
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Someone even set his forest on fire.
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But Yacouba did not stop.
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He replanted.
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He dug more pits.
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He added stone lines to slow water runoff.
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He started planting trees in the pits.
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By the 1990s, the forest had grown.
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By the 2000s, it was undeniable.
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He had 40 hectares of thriving woodland where there had been nothing but barren desert.
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Wildlife returned, animals that had not been seen in the region for generations.
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And then the farmers started coming back.
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They organized markets to share seeds.
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They copied his technique.
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In 1989, 13 farmers from Niger visited Yacouba's fields.
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They went home and started digging.
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When the next drought hit in 1990,
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only the Zai farmers had a harvest.
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The numbers were impossible to dismiss.
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Crop yields increased by 100 to 500%.
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Groundwater levels rose by an average of 5 meters.
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In some locations, wells gained 17 meters of water.
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Villages that had gone eight months a year without water suddenly had it year-round.
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In 2019, when a catastrophic drought killed 72% of the corn across the region,
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farmers using za'ai still had enough food to survive.
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Dr. Chris Rage, a scientist at the World Resources Institute,
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said that Yakuba's impact on restoration in the Sahel has been greater than that of all national and international experts taken together.
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Think about that.
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Billions of dollars.
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Ph.D.S from the world's top universities.
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State-of-the-art agricultural technology.
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All outperformed by by an illiterate farmer with a shovel and a bucket of manure.
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So, if XI is this effective,
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why did we stop using it?
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Because there is a reason ancient agricultural wisdom disappears.
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And it isn't because it stops working.
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It is because it doesn't make money.
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XI pits require zero purchased inputs.
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No fertilizer from chemical companies,
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no seeds from agribusiness corporations,
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No machinery from equipment manufacturers,
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just local soil, local manure, local labor.
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The global fertilizer market is worth over $200 billion annually.
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In the Sahel, farmers who use zai need zero synthetic nitrogen.
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The termites provide it for free.
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During the colonial period, European administrators called this primitive gardening.
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They discouraged it in favor of cash crops like cotton and peanuts,
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crops that required inputs, crops that kept farmers dependent.
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Fast forward to the 1970s and the 1980s.
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The international development industry descended on the Sahel with billions in aid money.
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They brought tractors, irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers.
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The projects failed, repeatedly.
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But here's what nobody talks about.
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In 1990, 13 farmers who visited Yakuba's fields went home and started using Xi.
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That year, there was another drought.
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Only the Xi farmers had reasonable harvests.
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Did the international aid organizations shift their approach?
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No, because you can't write a grant proposal for teaching farmers to dig holes with local materials.
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You can't justify consultant fees.
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You can't create ongoing dependencies that require perpetual funding.
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And even today, companies are trying to mechanize it.
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They are developing motorized zainers to dig the holes.
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Tools that cost money.
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Tools that require fuel.
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Tools that break.
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The original technique needs a shovel.
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That is it.
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This is how traditional knowledge gets erased.
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Not through malice.
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Through economics through the systematic privileging of techniques that generate profit over techniques that generate food.
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Yakuba Sawadogo said, If you stay in your own little corner,
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all your knowledge is of no use to humanity.
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So he taught anyone who would listen,
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for free, for 40 years.
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And you can do it too,
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if you have compacted soil,
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if you have dry land,
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if you have water runoff.
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This is the blueprint.
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Wait for the dry season.
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Dig a pit about 20-30 cm wide, or 8-12 inches.
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Go about 6 inches deep.
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Put the soil you dig out on the downhill side of the pit.
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This creates a berm that catches water running down the slope.
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And here is the secret.
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Put a handful of compost or manure in the pit.
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It does not just fertilize the soil.
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It calls the termites.
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It invites the biology back into the dead earth.
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Wait for the rain.
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Then plant, corn, beans, trees.
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Whatever you need.
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The results are measurable.
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Soil moisture doubles.
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Roots go twice as deep.
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And once established, the pits stay productive for years.
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In year one, your yields jump.
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In year five, your water table rises.
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In year twenty, you have what Yacouba had,
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a forest where there was a desert.
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Yacouba's forest is called Bangar Raga.
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In the Mossi language, it means the forest of wisdom.
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It is still there today.
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You can see it on satellite images,
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a patch of deep green in an ocean of brown.
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His family is still fighting to protect it from developers who want to pave it over.
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But across Africa, millions of farmers are digging holes.
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Not because an aid agency paid them,
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but because one man proved it worked.
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A village elder once told Yacouba,
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A man who digs holes is as useful as a man who hangs himself.
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Forty years later, that madman's holes were feeding hundreds of thousands of people.
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They called him crazy.
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They burned his fields.
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They tried to bulldoze his forest.
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He kept digging anyway.
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Yakuba died in December 2023,
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but he left behind a map.
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He proved that the desert does not care about billions of dollars in aid or high-tech machinery.
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It only cares about water.
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And water, like truth, will always find a way through.
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Perhaps the most powerful act of resistance is remembering what they tried to make you forget.
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All you need is a shovel,
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some compost, and the willingness to dig when everyone else says you are insane.
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If this vault opened something for you,
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subscribe to Nature's Lost Vault.
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The next vault opens soon.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Grows Food in Dead Soil. The "Primitive" Trick That Beat Modern Science ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : farmer, pit, soil, Yacouba, drought. Cette vidéo contient 203 phrases et 1530 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 11:51. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 129 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 74 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| drought nom | /ˈdɹaʊ̯t/ | sécheresse |
| manure nom | /məˈnʊɹ/ | fumier, purin |
| shovel nom | /ˈʃʌv.əl/ | pelle, bêche |
| termite nom | /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ | termite |
| flee verbe | /ˈfliː/ | s'enfuir, prendre la fuite |
| irrigation nom | /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ | irrigation |
| tractor nom | /ˈtɹæktɚ/ | tracteur |
| vault nom | /vɑlt/ | voûte, voute |
| machinery nom | /məˈʃiːnəɹi/ | machines, parc de machines |
| compact adjectif | /kəmˈpækt/ | compact |
| compost nom | /ˈkɑm.poʊst/ | compost |
| illiterate adjectif | /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ | illettré, illettrée |
| penetrate verbe | /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ | pénétrer |
| catastrophic adjectif | /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/ | catastrophique |
| harvest nom | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | récolte |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| break up verbe | rompre, couper |
| come back verbe | revenir |
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| leave behind verbe | abandonner |
| pick up verbe | soulever |
| run down verbe | heurter |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | had been sent · had not been seen · is called |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | man who digs · anyone who would |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been · have compacted |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme can't, doesn't, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: thrive /θɹajv/, synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: shovel /ˈʃʌv.əl/, irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, agribusiness /ˈæɡɹɪˌbɪznəs/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, hectare /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/, uninhabitable /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl/, downhill /ˌdaʊnˈhɪl/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/, perpetual /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəl/, nitrogen /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/, moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: drought /ˈdɹaʊ̯t/, manure /məˈnʊɹ/, termite /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/, irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/, tractor /ˈtɹæktɚ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme drought, manure, shovel.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.