Pratique du Shadowing: How to Write Test Cases for Manual Testing? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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QA Madness.
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How to write test cases for manual testing.
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QA specialists have to deal with different kinds of documentation.
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In today's video, I will tell you about one of such artifacts, a test case, what it is, and how to create one.
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A test case is a set of actions you execute to verify a particular software feature or functionality.
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Using test cases, we can make sure that a certain feature works as expected, or discover that it does not work properly.
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There are three types of test cases.
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Positive, negative, and destructive.
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Positive test cases use valid inputs to verify that software does what it is supposed to do.
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For example, when a user enters valid credentials, they can sign into the system.
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Negative test cases use invalid inputs.
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Their mission is to verify that the software does not do what it is not supposed to do.
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For example, if a user enters an incorrect login or password, they cannot sign in.
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Destructive test cases are created to learn what the system can handle until it breaks or destructs.
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For this, a software tester can fast click on the sign in button to see what happens in this case.
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Another example is a significant increase in web page load, it aims to check how many users a system can handle.
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Like every document, a test case has a specific format.
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It consists of eight elements, 1.
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ID, 2.
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Summary, 3.
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Preconditions, 4.
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Steps, 5.
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Postconditions, 6.
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Expected Results, 7.
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Actual Results, 8.
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Status.
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Let's take a closer look at each of them.
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Number 1.
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ID.
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As you can guess, it is the name of a test case.
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An ID is a unique combination of letters and numbers.
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As a rule, it is related to the project name, and indicates the number of a test case in the sequence.
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For example, if we test a website called BuyOnline, you can name the first test case Bow1.
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The second one will be Bow2, and so on.
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Number 2.
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Summary.
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A summary is the main idea of a test case, a brief description of its contents.
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For example, check adding a product to a wishlist.
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Number 3.
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Preconditions.
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Preconditions are a list of actions a user needs to perform before executing a test case.
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For example, a user should be logged in.
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In this situation, you should include the credentials so a person working with this test case can reproduce it.
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Preconditions are not mandatory, so you do not need to include this clause in every test case.
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Number 4.
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Steps.
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Steps are the description of the actions required for verification.
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Steps in a test case can go like this.
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1. Open a website.
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2. Open a product page.
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3. Add a product to the wishlist.
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Number 5.
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Post conditions.
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These are one or several actions that return the system to its original state.
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For example, remove an item from the wishlist.
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Just like preconditions, post conditions are not mandatory.
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Number 6.
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result.
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It is what we expect to see getter achieve after the successful test case execution.
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Back to our example, we expect to see a message about an item being added to a wishlist.
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We also expect to find a product on the list after opening the corresponding section.
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Number 7.
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Actual result.
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If there is a bug in the system, the actual result will differ from the expected one.
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So, The actual result is what we get after the test case execution.
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For example, the success message isn't displayed or the item doesn't appear on the wishlist.
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Number 8.
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Status.
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It is the conclusion in your test case.
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In this clause, you summarize the outcome in one word.
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The most common statuses are success, failed, and blocked.
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It depends on whether there are bugs in the software or not.
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Keep in mind that test cases come in many different formats.
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For example, sometimes you can use brief test cases with only four elements.
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Summary, Priority, Steps, and Expected Result.
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The sections can also have different names.
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You can see software testers using the word inputs instead of steps, and outputs instead of results.
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Moreover, you can find an alternative definition of post conditions.
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Some use this term to describe the state of the system after test execution.
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In this case, you may find it a bit complicated to tell the difference between post conditions and expected results.
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To choose the correct format for the test case, you can look into the existing documentation or address other team members to specify this information.
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The preferred format can depend on both a company's practices and the complexity of a tested feature.
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Every test case should be comprehensive.
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It should not depend on other test cases.
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The description of the steps and expected results should be accurate and clear.
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Make sure to include the necessary information, avoid vague formulations and excessive details.
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All team members should be able to understand and execute a test case, even if they interact with software for the first time.
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It should be easy to match a test case with the requirements in the product documentation.
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All test cases should be repeatable.
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In other words, a user should be able to reproduce a test case over and over again.
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Finally, aim to create reusable test cases.
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will help you to spend less time creating test documentation in the future.
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There are several common mistakes QA engineers tend to make during test case writing.
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The first is writing two abstract summaries.
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The summary should be concise but specific.
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For example, instead of the generalized check the wishlist functionality you can write check adding a product to the wishlist.
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Another common mistake is interesting unclickable links.
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When you insert a link in the text, make it active so another team member can click and open the intended page.
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It is much more convenient than copying the text and pasting it in another tab.
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And always make sure the link leads to the right page.
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Providing two detailed explanations is not a good idea either.
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Be specific, but not too specific.
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There is no need to state the obvious through a very detailed description.
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For example, it is enough to right-click the wishlist button.
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Specifying
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that it is the round blue wishlist button on the right
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to the buy now button below the product description is not necessary.
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Finally, the lack of details can also be confusing.
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It is okay to be more specific when you add some tech directions.
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It will be helpful for newbies or those who are not familiar yet with the technology you mentioned.
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The example is on the screen.
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So these are the basics of test case writing.
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Let me finish this guideline with a tip.
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To check how good your test case is, show it to a person who does not know anything about the project you are working on.
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The questions you are going to hear will highlight the weak points of your test case.
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You can find more examples of test cases in the article on our blog.
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The link is in the description.
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Subscribe to our channel to learn more about test documentation in the future.
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See you in the next video.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Write Test Cases for Manual Testing? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : test, example, result, wishlist, steps. Cette vidéo contient 119 phrases et 1194 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:35. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 157 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| precondition nom | /ˈpɹiːkənˌdɪʃən/ | condition préalable, précondition |
| verify verbe | /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ | vérifier |
| execute verbe | /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ | exécuter, mettre à mort |
| credential nom | /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/ | accréditation |
| reproduce verbe | /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdus/ | reproduire |
| functionality nom | fonctionnalité | |
| specify verbe | /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/ | spécifier |
| destructive adjectif | /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/ | destructif |
| clause nom | /klɔːz/ | proposition |
| artifact nom | /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/ | artefact, artéfact |
| concise adjectif | /kənˈsaɪs/ | concis |
| formulation nom | formulation | |
| generalize verbe | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹə.laɪz/ | généraliser, faire des amalgames |
| getter nom | /ˈɡɛtə(ɹ)/ | accesseur, getter |
| guideline nom | /ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/ | directive, grande ligne |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are created · is related · should be logged |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | those who are · person who does |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: precondition /ˈpɹiːkənˌdɪʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, credential /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: precondition /ˈpɹiːkənˌdɪʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, generalize /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹə.laɪz/, repeatable /ɹɪˈpiːtəbəl/, unclickable /ʌnˈklɪkəbəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: precondition /ˈpɹiːkənˌdɪʃən/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, credential /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/, tester /ˈtɛstəɹ/, reproduce /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdus/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme precondition, verify, execute.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.