Практика Shadowing: How to Write Test Cases for Manual Testing? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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QA Madness.
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How to write test cases for manual testing.
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QA specialists have to deal with different kinds of documentation.
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In today's video, I will tell you about one of such artifacts, a test case, what it is, and how to create one.
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A test case is a set of actions you execute to verify a particular software feature or functionality.
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Using test cases, we can make sure that a certain feature works as expected, or discover that it does not work properly.
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There are three types of test cases.
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Positive, negative, and destructive.
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Positive test cases use valid inputs to verify that software does what it is supposed to do.
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For example, when a user enters valid credentials, they can sign into the system.
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Negative test cases use invalid inputs.
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Their mission is to verify that the software does not do what it is not supposed to do.
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For example, if a user enters an incorrect login or password, they cannot sign in.
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Destructive test cases are created to learn what the system can handle until it breaks or destructs.
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For this, a software tester can fast click on the sign in button to see what happens in this case.
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Another example is a significant increase in web page load, it aims to check how many users a system can handle.
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Like every document, a test case has a specific format.
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It consists of eight elements, 1.
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ID, 2.
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Summary, 3.
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Preconditions, 4.
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Steps, 5.
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Postconditions, 6.
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Expected Results, 7.
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Actual Results, 8.
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Status.
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Let's take a closer look at each of them.
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Number 1.
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ID.
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As you can guess, it is the name of a test case.
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An ID is a unique combination of letters and numbers.
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As a rule, it is related to the project name, and indicates the number of a test case in the sequence.
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For example, if we test a website called BuyOnline, you can name the first test case Bow1.
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The second one will be Bow2, and so on.
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Number 2.
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Summary.
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A summary is the main idea of a test case, a brief description of its contents.
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For example, check adding a product to a wishlist.
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Number 3.
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Preconditions.
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Preconditions are a list of actions a user needs to perform before executing a test case.
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For example, a user should be logged in.
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In this situation, you should include the credentials so a person working with this test case can reproduce it.
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Preconditions are not mandatory, so you do not need to include this clause in every test case.
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Number 4.
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Steps.
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Steps are the description of the actions required for verification.
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Steps in a test case can go like this.
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1. Open a website.
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2. Open a product page.
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3. Add a product to the wishlist.
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Number 5.
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Post conditions.
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These are one or several actions that return the system to its original state.
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For example, remove an item from the wishlist.
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Just like preconditions, post conditions are not mandatory.
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Number 6.
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result.
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It is what we expect to see getter achieve after the successful test case execution.
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Back to our example, we expect to see a message about an item being added to a wishlist.
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We also expect to find a product on the list after opening the corresponding section.
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Number 7.
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Actual result.
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If there is a bug in the system, the actual result will differ from the expected one.
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So, The actual result is what we get after the test case execution.
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For example, the success message isn't displayed or the item doesn't appear on the wishlist.
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Number 8.
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Status.
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It is the conclusion in your test case.
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In this clause, you summarize the outcome in one word.
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The most common statuses are success, failed, and blocked.
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It depends on whether there are bugs in the software or not.
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Keep in mind that test cases come in many different formats.
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For example, sometimes you can use brief test cases with only four elements.
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Summary, Priority, Steps, and Expected Result.
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The sections can also have different names.
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You can see software testers using the word inputs instead of steps, and outputs instead of results.
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Moreover, you can find an alternative definition of post conditions.
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Some use this term to describe the state of the system after test execution.
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In this case, you may find it a bit complicated to tell the difference between post conditions and expected results.
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To choose the correct format for the test case, you can look into the existing documentation or address other team members to specify this information.
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The preferred format can depend on both a company's practices and the complexity of a tested feature.
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Every test case should be comprehensive.
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It should not depend on other test cases.
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The description of the steps and expected results should be accurate and clear.
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Make sure to include the necessary information, avoid vague formulations and excessive details.
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All team members should be able to understand and execute a test case, even if they interact with software for the first time.
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It should be easy to match a test case with the requirements in the product documentation.
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All test cases should be repeatable.
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In other words, a user should be able to reproduce a test case over and over again.
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Finally, aim to create reusable test cases.
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will help you to spend less time creating test documentation in the future.
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There are several common mistakes QA engineers tend to make during test case writing.
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The first is writing two abstract summaries.
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The summary should be concise but specific.
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For example, instead of the generalized check the wishlist functionality you can write check adding a product to the wishlist.
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Another common mistake is interesting unclickable links.
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When you insert a link in the text, make it active so another team member can click and open the intended page.
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It is much more convenient than copying the text and pasting it in another tab.
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And always make sure the link leads to the right page.
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Providing two detailed explanations is not a good idea either.
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Be specific, but not too specific.
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There is no need to state the obvious through a very detailed description.
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For example, it is enough to right-click the wishlist button.
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Specifying
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that it is the round blue wishlist button on the right
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to the buy now button below the product description is not necessary.
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Finally, the lack of details can also be confusing.
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It is okay to be more specific when you add some tech directions.
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It will be helpful for newbies or those who are not familiar yet with the technology you mentioned.
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The example is on the screen.
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So these are the basics of test case writing.
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Let me finish this guideline with a tip.
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To check how good your test case is, show it to a person who does not know anything about the project you are working on.
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The questions you are going to hear will highlight the weak points of your test case.
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You can find more examples of test cases in the article on our blog.
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The link is in the description.
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Subscribe to our channel to learn more about test documentation in the future.
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See you in the next video.
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Почему практиковать речь на английском с этим видео?
Это видео — отличная возможность для улучшения навыков речи и понимания профессиональной лексики. Контент посвящен написанию тест-кейсов, что создает контекст для практики shadowing английский (техники повторения речи за говорящим). Вы научитесь воспринимать специфические термины, такие как "test case", "preconditions" и "destructive testing", а также тренировать плавность речи, следуя логике объяснений. Проведение упражнений на основе этого материала поможет не только улучшить произношение английского, но и усвоить структурированный подход к описанию действий — навык, полезный как в профессиональной сфере, так и в повседневной коммуникации.
Грамматика и выражения в контексте
В видео используются ключевые структуры, которые стоит проанализировать:
- "A test case is a set of actions you execute to verify..." — Структура "a set of actions you execute" демонстрирует использование определительного придаточного предложения без союза, что важно для сокращения речи. Практикуйте повторение такой конструкции с shadow speak, чтобы научиться формулировать определения лаконично.
- "Their mission is to verify that the software does not do..." — Выражение "mission is to verify that" подходит для описания целей. Обратите внимание на отрицательную форму "does not do", которая часто используется в тестировании. Повторяйте это выражение, чтобы улучшить интонацию при отрицаниях.
- "Steps are the description of the actions required for verification." — Структура "required for verification" (необходимые для проверки) показывает использование причастия в функции определения. Это поможет вам строить более сложные предложения, не перегружая их словами.
Трудные места в произношении
В видео есть слова, которые могут вызвать сложности при повторении. Например:
- "Credentials" — Произносится как /krəˈdenʃlz/, с ударением на втором слоге. Часто ошибка заключается в неправильном ударении или пропуске звука "ʃ". Используйте shadow speech для тренировки: повторяйте слово за говорящим, обращая внимание на темп и звуки.
- "Destructive" — Слово произносится как /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/, с ударением на первом слоге. Обычная ошибка — перегрузка ударением на "struct". Практикуйте повторение, чтобы запомнить правильное ударение.
- "Preconditions" — Произносится как /ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃnz/, с двумя ударениями: на "pri" и "dish". Важно не пропускать звук "k" между "pre" и "con". Тренируйте shadowspeaks, чтобы сделать произношение плавным.
Эти упражнения помогут вам улучшить произношение английского и чувство ритма речи, что важно для уверенной коммуникации.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are created · is related · should be logged |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | those who are · person who does |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.