Pratique du Shadowing: Visualizing hidden worlds inside your body - Dee Breger - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar I'm going to take you on a journey into some hidden worlds inside your own body using the scanning electron microscope.
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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar I'm going to take you on a journey into some hidden worlds inside your own body using the scanning electron microscope.
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These microscopes use a beam of electrons to illuminate things that are too small to be seen by the photons of visible light.
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And to put this in context, if you mentally divide one tiny millimeter into a thousand parts, each one of those parts is a micrometer, or micron for short.
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If you then divide one micron into another thousand parts, each one of those is a nanometer.
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And it's nanometers and microns that are the domain of the scanning electron microscope.
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So, let's start with something on the body that we can measure at about 100 microns wide, and that would be a human hair, which now you can see is covered with scales, just like all of our hairs, and in fact, just like all mammal hairs.
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We're going to plunge into the body now, and we've landed in the thyroid gland.
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Here we're looking at proteins that are being secreted into a storage chamber where they are going to develop into the mature thyroid hormones before being released into the body.
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And at this point you might be wondering if these colors are real.
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The answer is no.
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Electron images only happen in black and white.
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I often colorize my images for various reasons, but I don't change the structures, so the strucutres that you're seeing are all exactly as they were when I photographed them in the microscope.
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We're going to take a detour and zoom in on the heart muscle now.
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And the heart muscle has this curious structure that's kind of like corrugated cardboard.
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That's what allows the heart to expand and contract as it's beating.
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Let's go look at a lung with pneumonia.
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Here we've got a white blood cell poking around in an air sac, looking for something to clean out like a little vacuum cleaner.
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This is your immune systems at work.
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So what are the kinds of things that we don't want to be breathing, besides bacteria and viruses?
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Well, we all know to stay away from asbestos and now we can see why.
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This is a close-up view of the mineral that asbestos is made from, and now you can see that it's composed of many tiny, fine little needles.
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Each one of those needles is a single crystal.
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And in this picture, they're begininng to pry apart and tangle up into a spiky mess, not for breathing.
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What else might we want to avoid breathing?
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Well, how about diesel fuel?
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We're looking here at the particles of diesel soot, and these are extraordinarily tiny.
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In fact, each one of these little particles is only about 50 nanometers wide.
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We'll go and look at some blood now.
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We've got a collection of nice, fat, happy, healthy red blood cells, but they're all tangled up in a network of fibers.
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This is how the body makes a blood clot.
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And so, it surrounds a group of red blood cells and other cells, and traps them so the blood can't flow.
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We've got two more blood cells here, but they're not normal like the ones in the blood clot image.
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These are distorted.
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You can see that they're curling up and beginning to grow what's going to become spikes.
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These are sickle cells and these are what cause the condition of sickle cell amenia.
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We've gone into the mouth now and we've landed on dental plague, which you can see is covered with bacteria, and in fact dental plague is host to about 1,000 different species of bacteria.
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Lovely to think about.
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And now we are on to other teeth.
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We're on the surfaces of the, or the internal surfaces of the teeth themselves.
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The smaller one is a baby tooth that had just fallen out of the mouth of a young friend of mine, and I want to call your attention to the little holes.
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Those little holes are the tops of a whole network of tiny little tubes that circulate nourishing fluids inside your teeth.
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And we can see those tubes a little better in the larger picture because some of them are in cross-section.
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But in fact, this larger picture is showing you a portion of a tusk, which you may know is simply a great big, elongated tooth, so you would expect to see the same features between your teeth and a tusk.
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But that larger tusk picture is also rough by comparison to the young baby tooth.
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That's because it's many, many thousands of years old.
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It's also partly fossilized.
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And, between these two pictures, now you can see how your teeth relate to the tusk of an Ice Age mammoth.
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We're shooting up north now into the brain, and we can see these pink cells down at the bottom.
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Those are the neurons of memory.
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And I'm going to leave you with this picture because I know you're going to take a lot of happy memories away from your exciting day at TED and now you can visualize where those memories are being stored in your own brain.
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Thank you.
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Why practice speaking with this video?

Engaging with Dee Breger's captivating exploration of hidden worlds inside the human body offers an exceptional opportunity for English learners to practice speaking. The context of discussing sophisticated scientific themes allows learners to enrich their vocabulary and enhance their conversational skills. By using a shadowing site or a shadowing app, you can follow along closely with Breger's articulate delivery to improve your English pronunciation and fluency. This method, known as shadow speech, challenges you to mimic intonation, rhythm, and emotion, crucial for effective communication.

Grammar & Expressions in Context

In her presentation, Breger employs a range of grammatical structures and expressions that are valuable for learners. Here are a few notable examples:

  • Use of Present Continuous Tense: Breger often uses the present continuous tense, as in "we are looking at proteins," to describe ongoing actions. This tense conveys immediacy and is essential for engaging storytelling.
  • Expressions for Comparison: When she says, "that's what allows the heart to expand and contract," Breger effectively uses comparative structures to clarify complex functions, essential for creating clear descriptions.
  • Passive Voice: Her use of passive constructions, such as "are being secreted," highlights processes without emphasizing the subject. This structure is common in scientific contexts and improves understanding of how things work in English.
  • Descriptive Language: Phrases like "tiny, fine little needles" exhibit the importance of using descriptive adjectives to paint vivid images in the listener's mind.

Common Pronunciation Traps

While shadowing Breger, you may encounter a few tricky words and phrases that could impede clarity in your speech.

  • Pneumonia: This medical term may confuse learners due to its silent 'p' and the stress on the second syllable. Practicing sounds can help ensure you say it clearly.
  • Micron and Nanometer: The transition between 'micron' and 'nanometer' can be challenging. Focus on the syllable division to maintain clarity.
  • Asbestos: This word is often mispronounced. Pay attention to the 'as-bes-tos' syllables to avoid miscommunication, particularly in scientific discussions.

By incorporating these elements into your practice with a shadowing site, you can significantly enhance your English speaking abilities. Remember to focus on the rhythm and cadence as you engage in shadow speech, creating a bridge between listening and speaking fluently.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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