跟读练习: Visualizing hidden worlds inside your body - Dee Breger - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar I'm going to take you on a journey into some hidden worlds inside your own body using the scanning electron microscope.
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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar I'm going to take you on a journey into some hidden worlds inside your own body using the scanning electron microscope.
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These microscopes use a beam of electrons to illuminate things that are too small to be seen by the photons of visible light.
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And to put this in context, if you mentally divide one tiny millimeter into a thousand parts, each one of those parts is a micrometer, or micron for short.
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If you then divide one micron into another thousand parts, each one of those is a nanometer.
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And it's nanometers and microns that are the domain of the scanning electron microscope.
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So, let's start with something on the body that we can measure at about 100 microns wide, and that would be a human hair, which now you can see is covered with scales, just like all of our hairs, and in fact, just like all mammal hairs.
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We're going to plunge into the body now, and we've landed in the thyroid gland.
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Here we're looking at proteins that are being secreted into a storage chamber where they are going to develop into the mature thyroid hormones before being released into the body.
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And at this point you might be wondering if these colors are real.
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The answer is no.
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Electron images only happen in black and white.
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I often colorize my images for various reasons, but I don't change the structures, so the strucutres that you're seeing are all exactly as they were when I photographed them in the microscope.
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We're going to take a detour and zoom in on the heart muscle now.
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And the heart muscle has this curious structure that's kind of like corrugated cardboard.
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That's what allows the heart to expand and contract as it's beating.
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Let's go look at a lung with pneumonia.
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Here we've got a white blood cell poking around in an air sac, looking for something to clean out like a little vacuum cleaner.
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This is your immune systems at work.
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So what are the kinds of things that we don't want to be breathing, besides bacteria and viruses?
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Well, we all know to stay away from asbestos and now we can see why.
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This is a close-up view of the mineral that asbestos is made from, and now you can see that it's composed of many tiny, fine little needles.
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Each one of those needles is a single crystal.
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And in this picture, they're begininng to pry apart and tangle up into a spiky mess, not for breathing.
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What else might we want to avoid breathing?
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Well, how about diesel fuel?
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We're looking here at the particles of diesel soot, and these are extraordinarily tiny.
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In fact, each one of these little particles is only about 50 nanometers wide.
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We'll go and look at some blood now.
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We've got a collection of nice, fat, happy, healthy red blood cells, but they're all tangled up in a network of fibers.
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This is how the body makes a blood clot.
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And so, it surrounds a group of red blood cells and other cells, and traps them so the blood can't flow.
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We've got two more blood cells here, but they're not normal like the ones in the blood clot image.
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These are distorted.
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You can see that they're curling up and beginning to grow what's going to become spikes.
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These are sickle cells and these are what cause the condition of sickle cell amenia.
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We've gone into the mouth now and we've landed on dental plague, which you can see is covered with bacteria, and in fact dental plague is host to about 1,000 different species of bacteria.
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Lovely to think about.
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And now we are on to other teeth.
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We're on the surfaces of the, or the internal surfaces of the teeth themselves.
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The smaller one is a baby tooth that had just fallen out of the mouth of a young friend of mine, and I want to call your attention to the little holes.
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Those little holes are the tops of a whole network of tiny little tubes that circulate nourishing fluids inside your teeth.
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And we can see those tubes a little better in the larger picture because some of them are in cross-section.
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But in fact, this larger picture is showing you a portion of a tusk, which you may know is simply a great big, elongated tooth, so you would expect to see the same features between your teeth and a tusk.
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But that larger tusk picture is also rough by comparison to the young baby tooth.
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That's because it's many, many thousands of years old.
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It's also partly fossilized.
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And, between these two pictures, now you can see how your teeth relate to the tusk of an Ice Age mammoth.
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We're shooting up north now into the brain, and we can see these pink cells down at the bottom.
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Those are the neurons of memory.
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And I'm going to leave you with this picture because I know you're going to take a lot of happy memories away from your exciting day at TED and now you can visualize where those memories are being stored in your own brain.
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Thank you.
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关于本课
在这节课中，您将通过观看和分析Dee Breger的演讲，深入了解隐藏在我们身体内部的微观世界。我们会讨论扫描电子显微镜如何工作，以及它如何揭示我们肉眼无法看到的细节。这不仅是关于生物学知识的探索，也是提高您英语口语的绝佳机会，特别是在雅思口语练习和提高英语发音方面。如果您想提高您的英语口语能力，并利用shadow speech技巧，这节课将特别有用。
关键词汇与短语
- 扫描电子显微镜 (Scanning Electron Microscope)
- 微米 (micrometer)
- 纳米 (nanometer)
- 白血球 (white blood cell)
- 牙菌斑 (dental plaque)
- 心肌 (heart muscle)
- 记忆神经元 (neurons of memory)
- 红血球 (red blood cells)
练习技巧
在观看此视频时，请注意Dee Breger的语速和语调。这是一种自然的对话方式，非常适合进行英语口语练习。您可以尝试模仿她的句子结构和发音，以提高您的英语口语能力。在进行shadow speech练习时，建议分段听音频并重复她的说法，这样可以帮助您更好地掌握语音与语调。此外，您可以在每个小节结束后，暂停视频，自己尝试复述刚才所学的内容，这也是提高英语发音的有效方法。
请确保将这些练习融入到您的日常英语学习中，无论是在准备雅思口语练习还是日常交流中，掌握这些细节将有助于您成为更流利的英语使用者。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。