Pratique du Shadowing: Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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The Egyptian cobra's venom is super toxic.
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Even in tiny quantities, it can kill relatively big animals.
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But the Egyptian cobra, as well as pretty much every other toxic animal,
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has to produce and store those deadly chemicals inside its own body.
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So why don't toxic animals hurt themselves?
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Hi, I'm Cameron, and this is MinuteEarth.
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The first, and probably most obvious,
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way to avoid kicking your own bucket is to make sure your poison doesn't work on you,
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which is a strategy many poison dart frogs use use.
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When their poison gets on another critter,
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it snaps into specially shaped receptors in that animal's nerves,
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eventually stopping its heart.
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But the poison doesn't affect the frog itself,
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because the frog has evolved a slightly different version of that nerve protein,
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changing its shape just enough to prevent the poison from ever latching on.
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Another option is to have a way to soak up your own poison before it can kill you,
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like the pitohui, a tropical bird that puts poison in its feathers.
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In order to keep itself safe from its own poison,
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it produces proteins in its bloodstream that act like sponges that stick to,
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and basically disarm, poison molecules.
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The next strategy is even simpler.
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Simply store your toxins in a place where they can't hurt you,
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like murder hornets and black widow spiders do.
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Both of these animals are susceptible to their own venom,
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but their weaponry is located in a place where it is walled off from the rest of the body,
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and for them, it's physically impossible to unleash it on themselves.
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And finally, you could store your toxins in an inactive form,
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like the slow loris, the world's only venomous primate, does.
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The toxin the loris secretes from its armpits is completely harmless on its own.
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It's only when the animal licks its armpit,
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putting the venom in contact with saliva,
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that the venom becomes activated.
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And when the loris subsequently bites an enemy,
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that venom gets transferred to the bite wound,
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where it causes the victim's flesh to rot away.
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Because carrying deadly chemical weapons inside your own body is such a high-stakes situation,
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lots of toxic species actually use more than one of these strategies to stay safe.
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Which brings us back to the Egyptian Cobra,
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which uses all four methods to protect itself from its own venom.
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The snake has those modified nerve proteins that make it immune to the nerve paralyzing toxin in its venom.
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But since that venom is a cocktail that contains other toxins to,
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the snake also stores it in walled-off glands.
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Beyond just locking the venom away,
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these glands also temporarily inactivate the venom in part by bathing it in acids.
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It only becomes reactivated in a basic environment, like its victim's blood.
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And if the venom happens to leak into the snake's own blood,
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a sponge-like protein in its bloodstream mops up the toxins before they do any harm.
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In other words, if you're going to be venomous or poisonous, Use protection.
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If you're a snake and you want to level up your game,
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you develop chemical weapons.
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And if you're a human and you want to level up your career,
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you develop, well, developer skills.
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Boot.dev, which sponsored this video,
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Hey, another snake!
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so as you learn to code,
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and even get to complete quests.
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All the game features on Boo.dev are designed to keep you motivated and moving toward your goal,
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And all of this is within a system specially designed to have you writing eight to out of code,
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because, well, the best way to learn is by doing.
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Click the link in the description and use the code MINUTEEARTH to get 25% off your first month,
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Thanks, Boo.dev!
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : venom, poison, toxin, animal, nerve. Cette vidéo contient 67 phrases et 679 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:39. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 186 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| venom nom | /ˈvɛnəm/ | venin |
| poison nom | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | poison |
| toxin nom | /ˈtɑksɪn/ | toxine |
| bloodstream nom | /ˈblʌd.stɹɪim/ | afflux sanguin |
| gland nom | /ɡlænd/ | glande |
| venomous adjectif | /ˈvɛnəməs/ | vénéneux, venimeux |
| cobra nom | /ˈkoʊbɹə/ | naja, cobra |
| sponge nom | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | éponge |
| specially adverbe | /ˈspɛʃəli/ | particulièrement, spécialement |
| critter nom | /ˈkɹɪtɚ/ | bébête, bestiole |
| disarm verbe | /dɪsˈɑɹm/ | désarmer |
| gamify verbe | ludifier | |
| hornet nom | /ˈhɔɹ.nɪt/ | frelon |
| paralyze verbe | /ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/ | paralyser |
| primate nom | /ˈpɹaɪmeɪt/ | primate |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| get off verbe | descendre, faire descendre |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has evolved · has created · They've gamified |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is located · are designed |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, doesn't, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: inactivate /ɪˈnæktɪveɪt/, temporarily /ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hornet /ˈhɔɹ.nɪt/, harmless /ˈhɑɹmləs/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: loris /ˈlɔɹɪs/, bloodstream /ˈblʌd.stɹɪim/, cobra /ˈkoʊbɹə/, critter /ˈkɹɪtɚ/, disarm /dɪsˈɑɹm/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme venom, poison, toxin.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.