Практика Shadowing: Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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The Egyptian cobra's venom is super toxic.
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Even in tiny quantities, it can kill relatively big animals.
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But the Egyptian cobra, as well as pretty much every other toxic animal,
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has to produce and store those deadly chemicals inside its own body.
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So why don't toxic animals hurt themselves?
6
Hi, I'm Cameron, and this is MinuteEarth.
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The first, and probably most obvious,
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way to avoid kicking your own bucket is to make sure your poison doesn't work on you,
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which is a strategy many poison dart frogs use use.
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When their poison gets on another critter,
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it snaps into specially shaped receptors in that animal's nerves,
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eventually stopping its heart.
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But the poison doesn't affect the frog itself,
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because the frog has evolved a slightly different version of that nerve protein,
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changing its shape just enough to prevent the poison from ever latching on.
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Another option is to have a way to soak up your own poison before it can kill you,
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like the pitohui, a tropical bird that puts poison in its feathers.
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In order to keep itself safe from its own poison,
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it produces proteins in its bloodstream that act like sponges that stick to,
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and basically disarm, poison molecules.
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The next strategy is even simpler.
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Simply store your toxins in a place where they can't hurt you,
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like murder hornets and black widow spiders do.
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Both of these animals are susceptible to their own venom,
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but their weaponry is located in a place where it is walled off from the rest of the body,
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and for them, it's physically impossible to unleash it on themselves.
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And finally, you could store your toxins in an inactive form,
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like the slow loris, the world's only venomous primate, does.
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The toxin the loris secretes from its armpits is completely harmless on its own.
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It's only when the animal licks its armpit,
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putting the venom in contact with saliva,
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that the venom becomes activated.
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And when the loris subsequently bites an enemy,
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that venom gets transferred to the bite wound,
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where it causes the victim's flesh to rot away.
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Because carrying deadly chemical weapons inside your own body is such a high-stakes situation,
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lots of toxic species actually use more than one of these strategies to stay safe.
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Which brings us back to the Egyptian Cobra,
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which uses all four methods to protect itself from its own venom.
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The snake has those modified nerve proteins that make it immune to the nerve paralyzing toxin in its venom.
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But since that venom is a cocktail that contains other toxins to,
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the snake also stores it in walled-off glands.
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Beyond just locking the venom away,
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these glands also temporarily inactivate the venom in part by bathing it in acids.
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It only becomes reactivated in a basic environment, like its victim's blood.
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And if the venom happens to leak into the snake's own blood,
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a sponge-like protein in its bloodstream mops up the toxins before they do any harm.
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In other words, if you're going to be venomous or poisonous, Use protection.
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If you're a snake and you want to level up your game,
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you develop chemical weapons.
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And if you're a human and you want to level up your career,
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you develop, well, developer skills.
53
Boot.dev, which sponsored this video,
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has created an easy way to learn backend web development in languages like Go and Python.
55
Hey, another snake!
56
They've gamified the whole learning process,
57
so as you learn to code,
58
you'll learn XP, levels, achievements,
59
and even get to complete quests.
60
All the game features on Boo.dev are designed to keep you motivated and moving toward your goal,
61
job-ready programming skills.
62
And all of this is within a system specially designed to have you writing eight to out of code,
63
because, well, the best way to learn is by doing.
64
Click the link in the description and use the code MINUTEEARTH to get 25% off your first month,
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or even off your entire first year if you choose the annual plan.
66
Thanks, Boo.dev!
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Thank you.

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Об этом уроке

В этом уроке вы познакомитесь с интересными фактами о ядовитых животных, таких как египетская кобра, и узнаете, почему они не могут отравить сами себя. Мы будем практиковаться в понимании и произношении английского языка, основываясь на приведённом материале. Также вы сможете улучшить свое произношение английского, изучая специфические термины и фразы, используемые в контексте ядовитых животных.

Ключевая лексика и фразы

  • venom - яд
  • toxic - токсичный
  • evolve - эволюционировать
  • receptors - рецепторы
  • inactive form - неактивная форма
  • specialized proteins - специализированные белки
  • defense mechanism - защитный механизм
  • bloodstream - кровоток

Советы по практике

Чтобы эффективно учить английский с YouTube, попробуйте метод shadowing, который поможет вам улучшить произношение английского. Первое, что нужно сделать — внимательно прослушать аудио и следить за записями. Затем, по мере просмотра видео, пытайтесь повторять за спикером. Обратите внимание на темп речи: Cameron говорит довольно медленно и четко, что делает его идеальным кандидатом для shadowing. Начните с медленного воспроизведения, а затем постепенно увеличивайте скорость. Используйте shadowspeak, чтобы повторять не просто слова, но и интонацию, акценты и паузы. Это поможет вам овладеть естественным ритмом и произношением английского. Не забывайте о тех словах и фразах, которые выучите в этом уроке, так как они являются основой для дальнейшего общения на английском языке. Практикуйтесь регулярно, чтобы ваш английский стал более уверенным и естественным.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчасhas evolved · has created · They've gamified
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетis located · are designed

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →