Практика Shadowing: Where Did Earth's Water Come From? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Создание урока...
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Unlike every other planet in our solar system, Earth's surface is 70 % liquid water, which while useful for life, is also kind of weird,
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because everything we know about how and when our planet formed says Earth's surface should be bone dry.
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The story goes like this.
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Our solar system formed from the collapse of a large cloud of dust and gas.
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The dense blob of gas at the center ignited to form the sun, which as a young unstable star unleashed a fierce solar wind.
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And over time, this stream of charged particles pushed the remaining gas cloud farther and farther out, leaving only solid particles behind to clump together into rocks,
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planetesimals, and finally, the rocky planets of the inner solar system that we know today.
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And here's the problem.
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Water, in the form of ice, couldn't have been one of the solid particles that stuck around to form our planet, because the early inner solar system was far too hot for frozen water,
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and any water vapor would have been blasted away by the solar wind.
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So if Earth didn't start off with water, how did we end up with such splendid oceans?
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We know H2O wasn't manufactured here over the eons, because natural processes like combustion,
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breathing and photosynthesis create and destroy roughly equal amounts of water, and either way, the amounts in question are so minuscule that they can't account for the abundance of water on the planet.
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Since Earth's water was neither part of the original package nor manufactured here, it must have flown in from far away, on meteoroids or comets or other bodies originating in the outer solar system,
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where they were far enough from the sun for frozen water to survive.
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The dirty ice balls we call comets are a logical candidate for the source of our water, but were ruled out when we discovered that they were far richer in heavy hydrogen than earth water.
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Heavy hydrogen has a neutron as well as a proton in its nucleus, and for every million hydrogen atoms in earth water, about 150 are heavy ones,
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while typical comet water has twice that many.
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These mismatched chemical signatures suggest that Earth's water couldn't have arrived on comets.
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It turns out that the most likely source for Earth's water is a type of meteorite called a carbonaceous chondrite.
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Chondrite is just the name given to the class of stony meteoroids that most commonly strike the Earth.
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But only the carbonaceous chondrites contain water, as well as lots of carbon if you couldn't tell from their name.
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They have water in them because they formed out beyond the sun's frost line, and what's more, their water has levels of heavy hydrogen similar to that of earth water,
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strongly suggesting that these earth crashers are the source of our ice caps, clouds, rivers, and oceans.
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And thus the water that turned our planet into a blue marble came, quite literally, out of the blue.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Where Did Earth's Water Come From?». Чаще всего повторяются слова: solar, planet, earth, comet, hydrogen. В этом видео 25 предложений и 496 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 2:24. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 206 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:

СловоПроизношениеЗначение
comet существительное/ˈkɒmɪt/коме́та
hydrogen существительное/ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/водоро́д
chondrite существительное/ˈkɒndɹaɪt/хондри́т
particle существительное/ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/части́ца, крупи́ца
freeze глагол/ˈfɹiːz/замерза́ть, замёрзнуть
ignite глагол/ɪɡˈnaɪt/зажига́ть, заже́чь
meteorite существительное/ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/метеори́т
minuscule существительное/ˈmɪnəˌskjul/строчна́я бу́ква, ма́ленькая бу́ква
neutron существительное/ˈnu.tɹɑn/нейтро́н
originate глагол/əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/происходи́ть, произойти́
photosynthesis существительное/ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/фотоси́нтез
planetesimal существительноепланетезима́ль
proton существительное/ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/прото́н
unleash глагол/ʌnˈliʃ/спуска́ть с при́вязи, спусти́ть с при́вязи
vapor существительное/ˈveɪpɚ/пар, газ

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

СловоЗначение
rule out глаголисключа́ть, исключи́ть
turn out глаголока́зываться, оказа́ться

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 6 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например couldn't, can't, didn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

  • Звуки «sh» и «zh»: carbonaceous /kɑːbəˈneɪʃəs/, unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/
  • Длинные слова — следите за ударением: carbonaceous /kɑːbəˈneɪʃəs/, meteorite /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/, originate /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/, photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

  • Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, splendid /ˈsplɛndɪd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

  1. Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
  2. Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
  3. Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как comet, hydrogen, chondrite.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →