Shadowing Practice: Where Did Earth's Water Come From? - Learn English Speaking with Video

Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Unlike every other planet in our solar system, Earth's surface is 70 % liquid water, which while useful for life, is also kind of weird,
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because everything we know about how and when our planet formed says Earth's surface should be bone dry.
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The story goes like this.
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Our solar system formed from the collapse of a large cloud of dust and gas.
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The dense blob of gas at the center ignited to form the sun, which as a young unstable star unleashed a fierce solar wind.
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And over time, this stream of charged particles pushed the remaining gas cloud farther and farther out, leaving only solid particles behind to clump together into rocks,
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planetesimals, and finally, the rocky planets of the inner solar system that we know today.
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And here's the problem.
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Water, in the form of ice, couldn't have been one of the solid particles that stuck around to form our planet, because the early inner solar system was far too hot for frozen water,
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and any water vapor would have been blasted away by the solar wind.
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So if Earth didn't start off with water, how did we end up with such splendid oceans?
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We know H2O wasn't manufactured here over the eons, because natural processes like combustion,
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breathing and photosynthesis create and destroy roughly equal amounts of water, and either way, the amounts in question are so minuscule that they can't account for the abundance of water on the planet.
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Since Earth's water was neither part of the original package nor manufactured here, it must have flown in from far away, on meteoroids or comets or other bodies originating in the outer solar system,
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where they were far enough from the sun for frozen water to survive.
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The dirty ice balls we call comets are a logical candidate for the source of our water, but were ruled out when we discovered that they were far richer in heavy hydrogen than earth water.
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Heavy hydrogen has a neutron as well as a proton in its nucleus, and for every million hydrogen atoms in earth water, about 150 are heavy ones,
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while typical comet water has twice that many.
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These mismatched chemical signatures suggest that Earth's water couldn't have arrived on comets.
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It turns out that the most likely source for Earth's water is a type of meteorite called a carbonaceous chondrite.
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Chondrite is just the name given to the class of stony meteoroids that most commonly strike the Earth.
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But only the carbonaceous chondrites contain water, as well as lots of carbon if you couldn't tell from their name.
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They have water in them because they formed out beyond the sun's frost line, and what's more, their water has levels of heavy hydrogen similar to that of earth water,
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strongly suggesting that these earth crashers are the source of our ice caps, clouds, rivers, and oceans.
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And thus the water that turned our planet into a blue marble came, quite literally, out of the blue.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Where Did Earth's Water Come From?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: solar, planet, earth, comet, hydrogen. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 25 cümle ve 496 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 2:24 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 206 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
comet isim/ˈkɒmɪt/kuyruklu yıldız
hydrogen isim/ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/hidrojen, müvellidülmâ
particle isim/ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/parçacık
freeze fiil/ˈfɹiːz/donmak
meteorite isim/ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/göktaşı, meteorit
neutron isim/ˈnu.tɹɑn/nötron
photosynthesis isim/ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/fotosentez, ışılbireşim
proton isim/ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/proton
vapor isim/ˈveɪpɚ/buhar
atom isim/ˈætəm/atom
abundance isim/əˈbʌn.dn̩s/çokluk
fierce sıfat/fɪɹs/vahşi, sert
frost isim/fɹɔst/kırağı
marble isim/ˈmɑɹ.bəl/mermer
dense sıfat/ˈdɛns/yoğun, sık

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı couldn't, can't, didn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 6 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: carbonaceous /kɑːbəˈneɪʃəs/, unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: carbonaceous /kɑːbəˈneɪʃəs/, meteorite /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/, originate /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/, photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, proton /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/, splendid /ˈsplɛndɪd/, frost /fɹɔst/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: mismatch /ˈmɪs.mæt͡ʃ/, atom /ˈætəm/, collapse /kəˈlæps/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; comet, hydrogen, particle gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →