Shadowing Practice: Where Did Earth's Water Come From? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Unlike every other planet in our solar system, Earth's surface is 70 % liquid water, which while useful for life, is also kind of weird,
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because everything we know about how and when our planet formed says Earth's surface should be bone dry.
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The story goes like this.
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Our solar system formed from the collapse of a large cloud of dust and gas.
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The dense blob of gas at the center ignited to form the sun, which as a young unstable star unleashed a fierce solar wind.
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And over time, this stream of charged particles pushed the remaining gas cloud farther and farther out, leaving only solid particles behind to clump together into rocks,
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planetesimals, and finally, the rocky planets of the inner solar system that we know today.
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And here's the problem.
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Water, in the form of ice, couldn't have been one of the solid particles that stuck around to form our planet, because the early inner solar system was far too hot for frozen water,
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and any water vapor would have been blasted away by the solar wind.
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So if Earth didn't start off with water, how did we end up with such splendid oceans?
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We know H2O wasn't manufactured here over the eons, because natural processes like combustion,
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breathing and photosynthesis create and destroy roughly equal amounts of water, and either way, the amounts in question are so minuscule that they can't account for the abundance of water on the planet.
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Since Earth's water was neither part of the original package nor manufactured here, it must have flown in from far away, on meteoroids or comets or other bodies originating in the outer solar system,
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where they were far enough from the sun for frozen water to survive.
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The dirty ice balls we call comets are a logical candidate for the source of our water, but were ruled out when we discovered that they were far richer in heavy hydrogen than earth water.
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Heavy hydrogen has a neutron as well as a proton in its nucleus, and for every million hydrogen atoms in earth water, about 150 are heavy ones,
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while typical comet water has twice that many.
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These mismatched chemical signatures suggest that Earth's water couldn't have arrived on comets.
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It turns out that the most likely source for Earth's water is a type of meteorite called a carbonaceous chondrite.
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Chondrite is just the name given to the class of stony meteoroids that most commonly strike the Earth.
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But only the carbonaceous chondrites contain water, as well as lots of carbon if you couldn't tell from their name.
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They have water in them because they formed out beyond the sun's frost line, and what's more, their water has levels of heavy hydrogen similar to that of earth water,
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strongly suggesting that these earth crashers are the source of our ice caps, clouds, rivers, and oceans.
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And thus the water that turned our planet into a blue marble came, quite literally, out of the blue.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “Where Did Earth's Water Come From?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: solar, planet, earth, comet, hydrogen. Este vídeo tiene 25 frases y 496 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:24. El hablante habla rápido, unas 206 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
comet sustantivo/ˈkɒmɪt/cometa, guashuma
hydrogen sustantivo/ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/hidrógeno
chondrite sustantivo/ˈkɒndɹaɪt/condrita
particle sustantivo/ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/partícula
meteoroid sustantivometeoroide
freeze verbo/ˈfɹiːz/helarse, congelarse
ignite verbo/ɪɡˈnaɪt/encender, incendiar
meteorite sustantivo/ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/meteorito
minuscule sustantivo/ˈmɪnəˌskjul/minúscula, letra de caja baja
neutron sustantivo/ˈnu.tɹɑn/neutrón
originate verbo/əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/originarse
photosynthesis sustantivo/ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/fotosíntesis
proton sustantivo/ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/protón
unleash verbo/ʌnˈliʃ/desatar, libertar
vapor sustantivo/ˈveɪpɚ/vapor

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraSignificado
rule out verbodescartar
turn out verboresultar

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 6 contracciones y formas reducidas, como couldn't, can't, didn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: carbonaceous /kɑːbəˈneɪʃəs/, unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: carbonaceous /kɑːbəˈneɪʃəs/, meteorite /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/, originate /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/, photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/, originate /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/, logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como comet, hydrogen, chondrite.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →