Shadowing Practice: You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Join us in our quest to raise 40 million dollars in
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an effort to bring clean drinking water to millions of people around the world.
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Donate now at teamwater.org.
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In school, you probably learned about the water cycle with a diagram that looked a lot like this one.
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The problem is… it's wrong.
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Or at the very least, it's pretty misleading.
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Hi, I'm Cameron, and this is MinuteEarth.
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So let's check this diagram out.
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Look at all the space and the arrows dedicated to the stuff going on up here, which seems to suggest that most of the freshwater on our planet cycles from clouds
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and lakes to rivers to ultimately back to the ocean.
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But the non-ocean water in this loop at any given time only accounts for about 2% of Earth's freshwater.
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Basically a rounding error.
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The majority of our freshwater, about 70% of it, is locked away in glaciers and ice caps.
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All that water is represented here by this teeny tiny part of the diagram.
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But that's not even my bone to pick here.
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It's down here, where according to the picture, not that much is happening.
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But in reality, the second largest portion of our freshwater, almost all of what isn't locked up in ice, is underground.
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You see, a small amount of surface water escapes the Cloud Lake River loop and makes its way underground, and it soaks into the permeable rock under our feet, kinda like water in a sponge,
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moving downward until it hits a layer of less permeable rock.
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And over time, this water flows slowly toward the ocean, like really slowly.
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It might take a drop of water years to get there, and a little bit of the water in that first layer will take a different path.
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It can seep into a lower layer, deeper and deeper into the Earth's crust.
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Any tiny trickle of water that ends up here might filter through the deep cracks
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and pores of rocks for the next 10,000 years, meandering toward the ocean.
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And even then, some of that deep water can seep even deeper into the Earth's crust.
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Some of these bodies of water, called aquifers, are so deep that they can get dragged along with the Earth's tectonic plates, or even partially dragged underneath the ocean floor.
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Or the water in them creeps so slowly through such dense rock
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that heat and pressure lock it into minerals until the tectonic plate carrying it is recycled through a volcano, which means that the crust rock is melted and the aquifer turns to steam,
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and wow this is taking forever to animate.
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But in real life, this volcano bit happens millions of years in the future.
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And at least these days, there's also one more way for water to make it out of Earth's aquifers, one that doesn't appear on this diagram at all typically.
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Us.
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We humans have become really good at pumping water out of the ground for our own use.
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This is why making sure we understand this part of the diagram, you know, what actually happens down here, and how long it takes, is so important.
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Because although the underground supply of fresh water is huge, it's also fragile.
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And once an aquifer is drained, it can take decades or longer to replenish.
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And once an aquifer is contaminated, it may never be clean again.
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This video could not have been made without help from our great friend Dr. John Van Stan, professor in the Department of Biological,
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Geological, and Environmental Sciences at Cleveland State University in Ohio.
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He's got a book out, written with his co-author Jack Simmons, called Hydrology and Its Discontents.
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It's part water science, part philosophy, and all nerding out about the paradoxes of dealing with and managing the single most important life-giving resource on our planet.
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Seriously, if you're looking for a deep and thought-provoking dive into our complicated, fraught, and fascinating relationship with water, this book is for you!
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In fact, we have a discount code just for our audience
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that will get you 20% off if you order through Springer Nature in the next month.
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As always, thanks John!
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: aquifer, diagram, ocean, rock, freshwater. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 45 cümle ve 697 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:28 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 202 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin %83’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| aquifer isim | /ˈɑkwɪfɝ/ | akifer, sutaşır |
| diagram isim | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | şema |
| seep fiil | /siːp/ | sızmak |
| volcano isim | /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ | yanardağ, volkan |
| animate sıfat | /ˈæn.ə.mət/ | canlı, diri |
| contaminate fiil | /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ | kirletmek |
| mislead fiil | /mɪsˈliːd/ | ayartmak, saptırmak |
| recycle fiil | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | geri dönüşüm, geri dönüştürmek |
| glacier isim | /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ | buzul |
| sponge isim | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | sünger |
| paradox isim | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | paradoks, çelişki |
| fragile sıfat | /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ | kırılgan, narin |
| melt fiil | /mɛlt/ | erimek |
| dense sıfat | /ˈdɛns/ | yoğun, sık |
| mineral isim | /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ | mineral, maden |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı doesn't, I'm, isn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 5 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, replenish /ɹɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ/, glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/, geological /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk.əl/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; aquifer, diagram, seep gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.