Pratique du Shadowing: You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Join us in our quest to raise 40 million dollars in
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an effort to bring clean drinking water to millions of people around the world.
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Donate now at teamwater.org.
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In school, you probably learned about the water cycle with a diagram that looked a lot like this one.
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The problem is… it's wrong.
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Or at the very least, it's pretty misleading.
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Hi, I'm Cameron, and this is MinuteEarth.
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So let's check this diagram out.
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Look at all the space and the arrows dedicated to the stuff going on up here, which seems to suggest that most of the freshwater on our planet cycles from clouds
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and lakes to rivers to ultimately back to the ocean.
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But the non-ocean water in this loop at any given time only accounts for about 2% of Earth's freshwater.
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Basically a rounding error.
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The majority of our freshwater, about 70% of it, is locked away in glaciers and ice caps.
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All that water is represented here by this teeny tiny part of the diagram.
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But that's not even my bone to pick here.
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It's down here, where according to the picture, not that much is happening.
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But in reality, the second largest portion of our freshwater, almost all of what isn't locked up in ice, is underground.
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You see, a small amount of surface water escapes the Cloud Lake River loop and makes its way underground, and it soaks into the permeable rock under our feet, kinda like water in a sponge,
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moving downward until it hits a layer of less permeable rock.
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And over time, this water flows slowly toward the ocean, like really slowly.
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It might take a drop of water years to get there, and a little bit of the water in that first layer will take a different path.
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It can seep into a lower layer, deeper and deeper into the Earth's crust.
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Any tiny trickle of water that ends up here might filter through the deep cracks
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and pores of rocks for the next 10,000 years, meandering toward the ocean.
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And even then, some of that deep water can seep even deeper into the Earth's crust.
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Some of these bodies of water, called aquifers, are so deep that they can get dragged along with the Earth's tectonic plates, or even partially dragged underneath the ocean floor.
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Or the water in them creeps so slowly through such dense rock
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that heat and pressure lock it into minerals until the tectonic plate carrying it is recycled through a volcano, which means that the crust rock is melted and the aquifer turns to steam,
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and wow this is taking forever to animate.
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But in real life, this volcano bit happens millions of years in the future.
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And at least these days, there's also one more way for water to make it out of Earth's aquifers, one that doesn't appear on this diagram at all typically.
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Us.
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We humans have become really good at pumping water out of the ground for our own use.
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This is why making sure we understand this part of the diagram, you know, what actually happens down here, and how long it takes, is so important.
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Because although the underground supply of fresh water is huge, it's also fragile.
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And once an aquifer is drained, it can take decades or longer to replenish.
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And once an aquifer is contaminated, it may never be clean again.
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This video could not have been made without help from our great friend Dr. John Van Stan, professor in the Department of Biological,
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Geological, and Environmental Sciences at Cleveland State University in Ohio.
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He's got a book out, written with his co-author Jack Simmons, called Hydrology and Its Discontents.
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It's part water science, part philosophy, and all nerding out about the paradoxes of dealing with and managing the single most important life-giving resource on our planet.
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Seriously, if you're looking for a deep and thought-provoking dive into our complicated, fraught, and fascinating relationship with water, this book is for you!
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In fact, we have a discount code just for our audience
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that will get you 20% off if you order through Springer Nature in the next month.
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As always, thanks John!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : aquifer, diagram, ocean, rock, freshwater. Cette vidéo contient 45 phrases et 697 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:28. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 202 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| aquifer nom | /ˈɑkwɪfɝ/ | aquifère |
| diagram nom | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | diagramme, schéma |
| freshwater adjectif | /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/ | dulçaquicole, dulcicole |
| permeable adjectif | /ˈpɜːmiəbəl/ | perméable |
| seep verbe | /siːp/ | suinter, s'exfiltrer |
| tectonic adjectif | tectonique | |
| volcano nom | /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ | volcan |
| animate adjectif | /ˈæn.ə.mət/ | animé |
| contaminate verbe | /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ | contaminer, salir |
| fascinate verbe | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fasciner |
| meander nom | /miˈæn.də(ɹ)/ | méandre |
| mislead verbe | /mɪsˈliːd/ | égarer |
| provoke verbe | /pɹəˈvəʊk/ | provoquer |
| recycle verbe | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | recycler |
| replenish verbe | /ɹɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ/ | réapprovisionner |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme doesn't, I'm, isn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, replenish /ɹɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ/, glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/, geological /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk.əl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme aquifer, diagram, freshwater.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.