Pratique du Shadowing: Why is it Hot Underground? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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44 phrases
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1
Way back in the Middle Ages,
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miners began to notice that the deeper they dug into the Earth,
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the toastier it got.
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Who knows what they made of the heat,
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but the physicist Lord Kelvin,
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of temperature fame, naturally, had a theory.
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Earth started off hot, and has been cooling down ever since,
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like a baked potato pulled from the oven.
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What's more, Kelvin was confident this idea would allow him to calculate the age of our potato—I mean, planet.
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Imagine pulling two recently baked potatoes out of a freezer,
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one that's been in there for just a minute,
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the other for half an hour.
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The minute-old one would still feel like a hot potato,
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while the half-hour frozen spud would have cooled well below the skin.
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You'd have to poke all the way to the center to feel its residual warmth. And
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so in principle,
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you can tell how long ago a potato was cooked just by feeling how warm it is right beneath its surface.
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Which is exactly what Kelvin did,
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except with the Earth and scientific rigor.
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He took temperature measurements from the mines,
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put them into his calculations,
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and he got 20 million years.
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Which is, of course, very, very wrong.
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Somehow, the hot temperatures just under Earth's skin made it seem to Kelvin
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that our planet was pretty much fresh out of its cosmic oven,
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when we now know that it's 4,500 million years old.
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Calvin's error is usually attributed to the fact that he didn't know about radioactivity,
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which creates a ton of heat in Earth's core and helps keep the planet warm.
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But heat from radioactive decay moves so slowly through solid rock that taking radioactivity into account only improves Calvin's estimate by,
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well, pretty much nothing.
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Calvin's real oversight was in thinking of the Earth like a baked potato,
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a solid lump through which heat slowly diffuses.
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Earth's mantle, the thick layer between the crust and the core,
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is mostly solid, but it isn't rigid.
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In fact, the rock closest to the molten outer regions of the core gets so hot that it becomes slightly more pliable,
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like warmed candle wax.
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And like the hot air above a candle,
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the warm rock rises in convection currents over millions of years,
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spreading heat more evenly throughout the planet.
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This stirring carries tremendous amounts of heat from the core to the crust,
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fueling volcanoes, maybe helping to drive plate tectonics,
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and heating mine shafts to temperatures that make Earth seem like it's fresh out of the cosmic oven.
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Even though it's not.
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loud too.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why is it Hot Underground? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : heat, potato, Earth, hot, Kelvin. Cette vidéo contient 44 phrases et 431 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:40. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 161 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
bake verbe/beɪk/cuire
oven nom/ˈʌ.vn̩/four
radioactivity nom/ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti/radioactivité
cosmic adjectif/ˈkɑz.mɪk/cosmique
candle nom/ˈkæn.dəl/bougie, chandelle
convection nom/kənˈvɛkʃən/convection
diffuse verbe/dɪˈfjuz/diffuser
physicist nom/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/physicien m physicienne
pliable adjectif/ˈplaɪəbəl/pliable, pliant
tectonics nomtectonique
residual adjectif/ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/résiduel
miner nom/ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/mineur
poke verbe/poʊk/piquer
mantle nom/ˈmæn.təl/manteau
evenly adverbe/ˈiːvənli/uniformément

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotPrononciationSens
cool down verbe/kuːl ˈdaʊn/se refroidir, refroidir

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 3 contractions et formes réduites, comme didn't, isn't, you'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: convection /kənˈvɛkʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: radioactivity /ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti/, residual /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: residual /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/, rigid /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: radioactivity /ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti/, crust /kɹʌst/, rigour /ˈɹɪɡə(ɹ)/, residual /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/, miner /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme bake, oven, radioactivity.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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