Pratique du Shadowing: Why Haven't We Domesticated Monkeys? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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This video is brought to you by FarmKind. More about them at the end of the video.
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About 70 years ago, a new fad caught on: pet monkeys.
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At one point, more than a million Americans had monkeys in their homes.
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But things didn’t go well.
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Hi, I’m David, and this is MinuteEarth.
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You can turn any wild animal into a pet; you just capture it and keep it.
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But while some wild animals are naturally good pets –because they are gentle and don’t get too bothered by humans– most are just too wild.
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But we humans have figured out a way to turn some of those wilder wild animals into good pets –and even human helpers– through the process of domestication.
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But not monkeys, because not all animals are equally domesticatable.
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Like, if you were to pick a good monkey to domesticate, you’d probably pick a capuchin like my friend Garfunkle here, who is just plain adorable –and smart and agile enough to maybe even help out.
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The first step toward domestication would be to capture a bunch of capuchins.
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Which would be hard enough, but you also have to keep them captured.
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And while some animals –like sheep and chickens– do just fine in confinement, capuchins are dextrous escape artists who are really hard to keep locked up in simple pens.
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You might end up with no monkeys at all.
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But say you could somehow make capuchin-proof pens, you’d then need to carefully breed the monkeys to select for the traits you want – and to get rid of the ones you don’t.
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And then you’d have to keep doing that over hundreds of generations.
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Animals like pigs can start giving birth when they're 6 months old, and can have 3 litters a year of 10 piglets each.
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So it’s a relatively quick process to select for the traits you want.
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But capuchins take four years to mature and only have one baby every two years or so.
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So it would take a really, really long time to breed capuchins with the traits we want.
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But even if you had that kind of time, there’s one additional problem: diseases.
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Since capuchins have immune systems that are really similar to our own, they can give us all sorts of diseases, and maybe even brew up new primate plagues.
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So a capuchin domestication project would likely be a giant mess.
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That said, we have managed to domesticate the horse, which shares 2 of the 3 of those domestication difficulties.
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But horses had traits that could revolutionize transportation and farming and warfare, literally shaping our modern world, so at least in that case it paid off to go through the trouble of domesticating them.
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But the endgame for capuchins, on the other hand, would simply be cute pets – or maybe a helping hand; domesticating them just wouldn’t be worth the trouble – if it would even be possible at all.
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So what did happen with all those undomesticated pet monkeys that Americans brought into their homes?
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Well, it was monkey mayhem; within just a few years, primate sanctuaries started popping up to house all the monkeys people could no longer handle.
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It turns out that when it comes to keeping animals, it’s mo’ monkey, mo’ problems.
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Of the animals we have been able to domesticate, some have become companions, some have become workers, and some have become, well, food.
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And while we here at MinuteEarth disagree about whether it’s ok to eat animals in general, we all agree that no animal deserves to be kept in cruel conditions like those on factory farms.
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That’s where FarmKind comes in: Based on thousands of hours of expert research, they recommend the best charities that are working to end factory farming, so you can trust any donation you make through them will make a real difference.
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Your donation goes straight to charities that are freeing millions of animals from cruelty like battery cages, painful procedures without anaesthetic and inhumane slaughter.
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We’ve donated to FarmKind, and if you feel able, we’d love for you to join us.
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The link is in the description: Use code minuteearth, and your donation will get a 50% boost.
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Plus, FarmKind doesn't take a cut of your donation: Their operating costs and this sponsorship are entirely grant-funded, so 100% of your donation can go directly to charity.
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So check them out and, together, let’s make the world just a little bit kinder.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Haven't We Domesticated Monkeys? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : animal, monkey, capuchin, pet, donation. Cette vidéo contient 37 phrases et 734 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:37. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 203 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| monkey nom | /ˈmʌŋki/ | singe, guenon |
| domesticate verbe | /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/ | domestiquer |
| donation nom | /doʊˈneɪʃən/ | donation, don |
| domestication nom | domestication | |
| trait nom | /tɹeɪt/ | trait |
| primate nom | /ˈpɹaɪmeɪt/ | primate |
| breed verbe | /ˈbɹiːd/ | se reproduire, engendrer |
| anesthetic nom | /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ | anesthésie |
| confinement nom | /kənˈfaɪnmənt/ | confinement |
| dexterous adjectif | /ˈdɛkstɹəs/ | adroit, habile |
| endgame nom | /ˈɛnd.ɡeɪm/ | finale |
| helper nom | /ˈhɛlpɚ/ | assistant, assistante |
| inhuman adjectif | /ɪnˈhjuːmən/ | inhumain |
| mayhem nom | /ˈmeɪˌ(h)ɛm/ | chaos, désordre |
| piglet nom | /ˈpɪɡ.lət/ | cochonnet, goret |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| go through verbe | traverser |
| help out verbe | dépanner |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have figured · have managed · have been |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is brought · be kept |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 12 contractions et formes réduites, comme you'd, don't, didn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, revolutionize /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)u.ʃəˌnaɪz/, sheep /ˈʃiːp/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: domesticate /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/, revolutionize /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)u.ʃəˌnaɪz/, sanctuary /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/, adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/, inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/, mayhem /ˈmeɪˌ(h)ɛm/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: capuchin /ˈkæp.ə.t͡ʃɪn/, sanctuary /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/, cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, gentle /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: trait /tɹeɪt/, primate /ˈpɹaɪmeɪt/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/, dexterous /ˈdɛkstɹəs/, revolutionize /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)u.ʃəˌnaɪz/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme monkey, domesticate, donation.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.