ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle

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In school, you probably learned about the water cycle with a diagram that looked a lot like this one.

The problem is… it's wrong.

Or at the very least, it's pretty misleading.

Hi, I'm Cameron, and this is MinuteEarth.

So let's check this diagram out.

Look at all the space and the arrows dedicated to the stuff going on up here, which seems to suggest that most of the freshwater on our planet cycles from clouds

and lakes to rivers to ultimately back to the ocean.

But the non-ocean water in this loop at any given time only accounts for about 2% of Earth's freshwater.

Basically a rounding error.

The majority of our freshwater, about 70% of it, is locked away in glaciers and ice caps.

All that water is represented here by this teeny tiny part of the diagram.

But that's not even my bone to pick here.

It's down here, where according to the picture, not that much is happening.

But in reality, the second largest portion of our freshwater, almost all of what isn't locked up in ice, is underground.

You see, a small amount of surface water escapes the Cloud Lake River loop and makes its way underground, and it soaks into the permeable rock under our feet, kinda like water in a sponge,

moving downward until it hits a layer of less permeable rock.

And over time, this water flows slowly toward the ocean, like really slowly.

It might take a drop of water years to get there, and a little bit of the water in that first layer will take a different path.

It can seep into a lower layer, deeper and deeper into the Earth's crust.

Any tiny trickle of water that ends up here might filter through the deep cracks

and pores of rocks for the next 10,000 years, meandering toward the ocean.

And even then, some of that deep water can seep even deeper into the Earth's crust.

Some of these bodies of water, called aquifers, are so deep that they can get dragged along with the Earth's tectonic plates, or even partially dragged underneath the ocean floor.

Or the water in them creeps so slowly through such dense rock

that heat and pressure lock it into minerals until the tectonic plate carrying it is recycled through a volcano, which means that the crust rock is melted and the aquifer turns to steam,

and wow this is taking forever to animate.

But in real life, this volcano bit happens millions of years in the future.

And at least these days, there's also one more way for water to make it out of Earth's aquifers, one that doesn't appear on this diagram at all typically.

Us.

We humans have become really good at pumping water out of the ground for our own use.

This is why making sure we understand this part of the diagram, you know, what actually happens down here, and how long it takes, is so important.

Because although the underground supply of fresh water is huge, it's also fragile.

And once an aquifer is drained, it can take decades or longer to replenish.

And once an aquifer is contaminated, it may never be clean again.

This video could not have been made without help from our great friend Dr. John Van Stan, professor in the Department of Biological,

Geological, and Environmental Sciences at Cleveland State University in Ohio.

He's got a book out, written with his co-author Jack Simmons, called Hydrology and Its Discontents.

It's part water science, part philosophy, and all nerding out about the paradoxes of dealing with and managing the single most important life-giving resource on our planet.

Seriously, if you're looking for a deep and thought-provoking dive into our complicated, fraught, and fascinating relationship with water, this book is for you!

In fact, we have a discount code just for our audience

that will get you 20% off if you order through Springer Nature in the next month.

As always, thanks John!

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เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

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ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle

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